342

THE  CHINESE  EMPIRE

in  1887  may  be  assumed  to  have  reduced  smuggling  in  junk
by  between  10,000  and  15,000  piculs.

Ihe  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  each  kind
of  foreign  opium  imported  during  the  past  forty  years,
viz.  Bengal  (Patna  and  Benares),  the  production  of  the
Opium  Régie  of  the  Government  of  India  ;  Malwa,  the
free  trade  product  of  the  states  of  Central  India,  feudatory
to  the  British  Government  but  otherwise  self-governing  &gt;
and  Persian  (formerly  also  called  Turkey),  the  product  of
Persia.  In  comparing  the  figures  it  must,  however,  be
borne  in  mind  that  the  province  of  Kwangtung  ordinarily
prefers  Bengal  opium  to  the  extent  of  fully  three-fourths
*  Other  channels,  i.e.  by  junk,  either  legitimately,  but  n°t
îeporting  to  the  Imperial  Maritime  Customs,  or  smuggled.  I 11
X905  a  quantity  unreported  was  introduced  through  Kwangcho^'
wan,  estimated  not  to  exceed  2,000  piculs.  Of  the  official  import
into  Kwangtung,  the  Canton  delta  ports  in  1905  took  13,207
piculs,  8,150  piculs  in  1897,  and  17,776  piculs  in  1888  ;  before
the  opening  of  the  Kowloon  and  Lappa  Customs,  in  1879  they
took  only  1,194  piculs,  in  1867  only  2,111  piculs,  and  in  x863
only  3,469  piculs  officially  reported.

1863.  1867.  1879.  1888.  1897.  i9°5*
Piculs.  Piculs.  Piculs.  piculs.  Piculs.  Piculs.

Manchuria
Chihli  ..
Shantung

—  2,585  2,453  113  28
3,708  7,898  5,181  1,555  918
873  2,735  3,536  318  320

25
225
440

Hunan
Hupeh
Kiangsi
Anhwei
Kiangsu
Chekiang
Fukien
Formosa
Kwangsi

1/,  u/u
2,679  5,047  7,728  6,274  4,873
9,821  9,238  8,903  13,039  7,877
—  2,586  5,552  4,646  —
7,212  7,627  12,787  26,845  13,058

1,993  2,202  2,153  3,077  2,483

1,412  4,242  3,294  1,163  519

Kwangtung  )  ’  '
Other  channels  *

20,000  20,000  20,000  5,000  5,000

Total

50,087  60,948  82,927  82,612  49,309
70,087.  80,948  102,927  87,612  54,309