130  THE  PROBLEM  OF  THE  UNEMPLOYED
tage  combine  with  such  work  other  important  functions,
especially  the  ascertainment  and  publication  of  reliable
statistics  relating  to  all  forms  of  local  industries.  But  the
relief  work  of  a  charitable  or  semi-charitable  kind  which
is  often  done  by  Labour  Bureaux  must  be  left  to  other
public  or  private  agencies,  if  the  Bureaux  are  to  perform
effectively  the  work  of  Labour  Exchanges.
In  relation  to  the  “  Unemployed  ”  the  Labour  Bureaux
would  rank  as  one  of  the  many  means  of  increasing  the
productive  efficiency  of  the  community  by  eliminating
certain  forms  of  waste.  Where  the  progress  of  Consumption ­
  is  such  as  to  fully  utilise  every  increase  of  productive
power  the  full  advantage  of  this  labour-saving  system  is
obtained  :  in  a  condition  of  industry  where  the  labourmarket
  is  in  general  over-stocked  the  net  gain  of  this
and  similar  forms  of  economy  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.
§  4.  Schemes  for  Increasing  Employment.
The  different  schemes  the  object  of  which  is  to  give
increased  quantity  of  employment  might  be  classified  in
various  ways,  according  to  the  kind  of  work  which  they
seek  to  provide,  skilled  or  unskilled,  agricultural  or  manufacturing; ­
  according  to  the  kind  of  unemployment  they
seek  to  alleviate,  casual,  season,  or  permanent;  according
as  they  adopt  voluntary  or  compulsory  methods,  State  or
private  enterprise  ;  according  as  they  seek  to  enlarge
present  modes  of  employment  or  to  create  new  ones  ;
according  as  they  are  generally  educative  or  purely
industrial  in  their  motives.
The  most  convenient  classification  for  our  purpose  is
that  which  distinguishes  the  various  proposals  according
as  they  are  intended  to  relieve  :