382
NUREMBERG.
There are two Nurembergs—the old town of high red-roofed houses,
with their picturesque corner windows, wooden balconies, and carved façades,
of rambling alleys and secluded courtyards—and the modern town which
begins just where the ancient fortress lines end and stretches in every direction
in long intersected streets of tenement dwellings of every style of building
and every variety of size and accommodation. Regarded from the industrial
standpoint Nuremberg is essentially a product of the new era which opened for
Germany with the successful conclusion of the French war of 1870-1. In
the latter year its population was only 83,214 ; it is to-day 294,432 (Census
of December, 1905). Before 1871 it took Nuremberg 40 years to double its
population ; after that year its population was doubled in 24 years ; and during
the 15 years 1890-1905 the population has increased 107 per cent. The incor
poration of outlying villages has helped to swell the population, but natural
expansion has done more than the extension of municipal boundaries to make
Nuremberg the large town it is to-day.
The following Table shows the growth of population during the past
35 years :—
Year of Census.
Population.
Increase.
Increase per cent, in
intercensal period.
1871
1875
1880
1885
1890
1895
1900
1905
83,214
91,018
99,519
114,891
142,590
162,386
261,081
294,432
5,319
7,804
8,501
15,372
27,699
19,796
98,695
33,351
6-8
9-4
93
15 5
241
13 9
60-8
12-8
The large increase between 1895 and 1900 was partly due to the incorpora
tion in 1898 and 1899 of a number of small communes having an aggregate
population of 40,200. Nevertheless, of the entire increase of 203,414
inhabitants between 1875 and 1905 63,369 or 31T per cent, fell to excess of
births over deaths, and 98,596 or 48*5 per cent, to excess of immigration over
removals, and only 40,200 or 19*8 per cent, to the extension of the municipal area.
As to health, Nuremberg has not an exceptional death-rate, the figure for
1905 being 20*7 per 1,000, which, with the exception of two years, was the
lowest rate ever recorded, but the rate of infant mortality is high (about 250 per
thousand born on the average of 15 years), and it does not tend to decrease.
The birth-rate in 1905 was 35 per 1,000 of the population (excluding still
births), the lowest rate in recent years (against a maximum in 1900 of 42
per 1,000), the illegitimate births numbering 17*67 per cent, of the whole,
against 17*46 per cent, for the period 1901-1905 and 19*40 per cent, for the
period 1896-1900. The deaths from tuberculosis of every kind in 1905 were
equal to a rate of 3*24 per 1,000 of the population ; the highest recorded rate
is 5*50 (1878), and the lowest 2*83 (1902) ; the rate in 1905 was the highest
for five years.
The following Table gives the birth and death rates and the infantile
mortality for a period of five years :—
Year.
Birth Rate per 1,000
of Population.
Death Rate per 1,000
of Population.
Infantile Mortality
per 1,000 Births.
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
413
38 6
36 6
36 4
35*0
213
205
22*4
218
20*7
230
230
255
266
254