STUTTGART.
461
extent that Prussia or Saxony is. While Saxony with an area of 5,787 square
miles had in 1905 a population of 4,508,601, three of its towns having more than
200,000 inhabitants and ten others between 20,000 and 100,000, Wurtemberg
with an area of 7,536 square miles had a population in 1905 of only 2,302,179,
and while only one of its towns exceeded 200,000, only seven other towns
exceeded 20,000, and all these fell below 60,000. In 1904 only 18 Wurtemberg
towns had a factory population {Le., “ industrial workpeople ” liable to factory
inspection) exceeding 2,000, and the second in size after Stuttgart, with its
23,339 “ industrial workpeople,” was Göppingen with only 7,976. Wurtemberg,
in fact, is still predominantly an agricultural country ; while increasing
attention is being given to industry, and remarkable zeal is being shown in the
cause of technical instruction, the economic centre of gravity must be sought
not in its factories and workshops but in its corn lands, farmsteads, and
vineyards.
Much has been done by the municipal authority of Stuttgart during late
years for the convenience and health of the people, as by the improvement of
the system of sewerage and the water supply, the more careful supervision of
dwellings, both during and after erection, and the extension of the tramway
system to the suburbs, thus relieving congestion within the older districts,
and the town had in 1906 the comparatively low death-rate of 16 6 per 1,000,
comparing with 17"6 per 1,000 in 1905. The rate for Wurtemberg in 1905
was 20*6 per 1,000. The birth-rate in 1906 was 28'1 per 1,000, comparing
with 28'4 in 1905, when the rate for the whole kingdom was 33T. The
deaths of children under one year of age numbered 186 per 1,000 births in
1906 and 200 in 1905. There is great disparity between the rates of infant
mortality in different parts of the municipal area. Thus, in 1905, the rates
ranged from 183 deaths per 1,000 births in Untertürkheim and 207 in Cannstatt,
to 304 in Ostheim and 347 in Wangen.
Of the births in 1905 13*6 per cent, were illegitimate (against 8*6 in
1905 for the whole of Wurtemberg), though a substantial deduction should here
be made on account of the existence in Stuttgart of a large lying-in home which
serves a wide area. The deaths from tuberculosis in the same year were equal
to a rate of 2'29 per 1,000 of population.
The following Table shows the birth and death-rates and the infantile
mortality rates for a period of seven years (still-born infants excluded) :—
Year.
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
Birth-rate per 1,000
of population.
29- 1
30- 0
29 3
28-6
28-5
28-4
28T
Death-rate per 1,000
of population.
19-6
17 8
17 7
17-3
17-2
17-6
16-6
Infantile mortality
per 1,000 births.
231
197
208
202
193
200
186
Occupations, Wages and Hours of Labour.
Of an estimated population of about 200,000 in 1904—for 34,625
inhabitants were added by a single extension of the municipal area in April of
the following year—23,339 persons were engaged in 1,030 industrial under
takings which brought them under factory inspection. This figure is far from
commensurate with the entire industrial population, however, for it is chiefly
those concerns which employ “elemental powei (steam, water, wind, gas,
air, electricity, &c.) that come under inspection, yet it shows that Stuttgart is
not a centre of great industries. The industries in the above enumeration