The ABC of taxation

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1010741608

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-21094

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Fillebrown, Charles Bowdoin

Title:: The ABC of taxation

Edition:: Fourth edition specially revised

Place of publication:: Garden City, New York

Publisher:: Doubleday, Page & Company

Year of publication:: 1916

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (236 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part II. Three Boston object lessons in taxation

Collection:: Economics Books

NUREMBERG. 385 is 57 or 58 in a majority of the works, and this number is only exceeded in a few concerns of minor importance. In the mechanical toy industry men earn 30,9. per week on an average for 5G hours work, though 36s. may be earned on good piece work ; but the wages of women run from 12s. to 14s. The average earnings of men in the brush industry are from 24s. to 26s. on piece work for 54 hours work. In the lead pencil industry the wages vary from 20s. to 27s. per week of 58 hours, according to the kind of work done. The best paid workers are the “ lead makers” (Bleimacher), whose earnings vary greatly, however, according to the work they have to do and the skill required ; the chief operations are grinding and mixing the lead and making the lead fills. Their wages range from 18s. to 27s. and even 30s. in exceptional cases ; while sawyers, planers, and gluers are paid from 18s. to 24s., 26s., and 27s. respectively. A large part of the work in the industry is piece work. The wages of the gold leaf beaters, whose industry is a speciality of Nuremberg, average 35s. a week, though as much as 40s. can be earned ; they have for a long time had an eight hour day. The average wages of lithographers and printers in the chromo - lithographic works of Nuremberg, which are engaged largely in the export trade, are 30s. per week ; but in the ordinary printing trade the wages of hand compositors, machine minders, and pressmen are 25s. 11 d., and of machine compositors 32s. 4d. on news and 33s. 8d. on jobbing. Beer brewing is an important industry in Nuremberg, and the wages and conditions of labour therein have for some years been regulated by collective agreements applicable also to the adjoining town of Fürth. The wages of brewers are from 23s. to 26s. 6c/. per week according to length of service, with Is. 6d. additional towards rent and 7s. 3c/. instead of the beer allowance formerly granted, so that the net money earnings range between 31s. 8^d. and 35s. 3d. Enginemen are similarly paid except that they receive no house money. Stokers are paid 20s. wages and 5s. in lieu of beer, draymen receive the same wages and allowances as brewers, and labourers receive 25s. per week. While the custom of “ free drinking ” has been abolished, beer is still sold to the men at a reduced rate for consumption by themselves and their families. A number of wages agreements are also in force in the building trades, the ruling rate being Qd. per hour. In the baking trade the practice of living in is almost general, and here the money wages (beyond board and lodging, valued at 10s. a week) amount to 10s. to 14s. per week of 84 hours for a first hand and 8s. to 10s. for assistants. Where the men live at home the rates are 20s. to 24s. and 18s. to 20s. respectively. The wages of day labour seldom exceed 3s. a day, and often fall as low as 2s. 6d. It is the rule in most industries to determine engagements without notice on either side. There is a considerable amount of home employment in Nuremberg, though it bears no appreciable proportion to the aggregate industrial activity of the town. The home workers are chiefly women and their work is for the most part connected with operations which are carried on in the toy factories, though some of the brush and pencil factories also allow work to be done at home. In the latter case it is not uncommon for women and girls to take unfinished work away with them in the evening in order to increase their earnings by several hours of night employment in their own homes. Wooden toys of the smaller and simpler kinds are also made or finished (put together or painted) by home workers, but a still more important home occupation is the painting of the tin soldiers for which Nuremberg is famous, an occupation which exclusively employs some 500 women there and at Fürth. Though long hours are worked the earnings are small, 8s. a week being a liberal estimate, while 45, and 55. often represent the reward of six days work of 10 or 12 hours a day. In this work children of school age largely participate, and an inquiry made in 67 classes in the elementary schools of Fürth elicited the fact that 151 children (86 boys and 65 girls) regularly helped their parents in this employment. The Work is the more unhealthy, inasmuch as it is carried on almost exclusively in

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