Kapitalismus und Sozialismus

Statistik der evangelischen Liebestätigkeit

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 101266578X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-24415

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Pohle, Ludwig http://d-nb.info/gnd/116260793

Title:: Kapitalismus und Sozialismus

Edition:: Zweite Auflage

Place of publication:: Leipzig ; Berlin

Publisher:: B. G. Teubner

Year of publication:: 1920

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 175 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: II. Die sozialistische Kritik an der bestehenden Wirtschaftsordnung

Collection:: Economics Books

SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION 193 combinations of others, and he even differentiates himself from and opposes those with whom he combines for other purposes. This latter combination finds its most characteristic expression in the merchant class. The merchant combines with other merchants in an association for common inter- ests like commercial legislation, class prestige, and the maintenance of prices. These common interests unite the class as a whole in its relations with outsiders. But, on the other hand, the merchant is in competition with and there- by in opposition to his fellow-merchants. Membership in that social circle means at the same time a co-operation with others and a competition against others. It means a position similar to that of others and at the same time a position apart from others. The individual guards his own interest by waging a severe competition against those with whom he is strongly united for the purpose of safeguarding their common interests. This internal opposition is most clearly expressed in the merchant class, but it is present in nearly all associations. Even the ephemeral polite society that gathers for an evening function is not free from it. Human nature seems to show a fundamental need for both types of association, a fundamental desire for both co-operation and competition. The individual wants to feel and to act with others, but he also wants to act against others. A certain proportion between the two is apparently a necessity for the full expression of his individuality. He can satisfy that desire by a participation in associations which have these formal characteristics quite irrespective of what their content is. In many cases the participation in certain associations is due, not to their factual signifi- cance, but to the fact that they give the individual a cer- tain proportion between competition and co-operation in his associative life. It is often due to this fact that the in-

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