The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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DIFFERENTIATION OF AN EMPLOYING CLASS IN TRADES 513 was likely to arise so soon as the master-tailor owned and AD, 1553 traded in materials on which he worked. There had been a considerable amount of trouble in the trade, as early as the fifteenth century, when the management of the London tailors’ gild appears to have passed into the hands of men who were more concerned in the cloth trade than in making clothes. The journeymen tailors, who worked for wages, had become a well-defined class; and early in the eighteenth century, they were definitely organised in a Trade Union. Their society appears to have been a new thing; in 17213 it was composed of wage-earners, who were primarily concerned in trying to secure better terms for themselves from their masters; it was not a gild, or company, consisting of inde- pendent masters who were anxious to maintain due super- vision over the manner in which work was done. It had no direct concern with the public, but only with the relations between masters and men. The most serious grievances on the part of the workmen, Capitalism during the eighteenth century, arose in connection with an dy industry where the capitalist’s position was due not so much bo his skill as an organiser or supervisor or his possession of the materials, as to the fact that he owned the machinery which was necessary for the prosecution of the trade. The framework knitting trade had been organised on capitalist lines from the first, and the efforts to control the action of the employers in the interest of the hands, proved ineffective. The stocking frame had been invented in the time of Queen Elizabeth; and a considerable industry had sprung up in Nottinghamshire, as well as in London, where a Company was formed which assumed power to regulate the trade of the Framework Knitters®. One very important point in the rules they laid down was that they were careful about limiting the number of apprentices. They had been chartered by Cromwell, and again by Charles II.; and the trade appears to was fol- Towed by rganisa- Wom among the wage- earners. | See Vol. 1. 444. 2 F. W. Galton, Select Documents on Tailoring Trade, XVI. 8 One man who objected to their regulations tried to migrate with his frame to Amsterdam, but he had no success. Felkin, A History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery, 61. Pains were taken to prevent the trade from being planted in foreign parts, as the exportation of the machinery was forbidden, by Proclamation (16 Jan. 1666), [Brit. Mus. 1851. d. 23 (8)], and by Statute (7 and 8 W. ILL. ¢. 20, § 8). 39

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