The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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i.D. 1689 1776. New enter- prise was shown tn mang 528 PARLIAMENTARY COLBERTISM Hostmen were a matter of frequent complaint; while, on the other hand, the Hostmen urged that the action of the Government in pressing keel-men for the fleet caused a serious interruption to the trade. Like other lines of com- merce at this period, this trade became more and more open; the charter of the Hostmen was not renewed after 1679, though they were an influential body of traders. With the growing demand for coals® we see signs of increased enterprise in carrying on mining operations. Gray asserts that as early as 16494 some “ South Gentlemen hath, t Brand, op. cit. 1. 300. All these obstacles must have tended to keep up the price of coal in London; the complaints on this head are of frequent recurrence ; C. Povey attributed the evil to the desperate competition among dealers and con- sequent fraud and oppression (The Unhappiness of England as to its Trade by Sea and Land, 28); see also State Papers, Treasury, 1708—1714, cxli. 2. A con- ;iderable number of petitions were presented in 1731 (Brand, m. 306) ; and during he frost of 1740, the House of Commons addressed the Crown in favour of forcing the law about regulating the price of coals (Parl. Hist. x1. 435). 3 The chief struggle over the privileges of the Newcastle men took place in the lime of Cromwell. This town possessed very special privileges under a charter sranted by Queen Elizabeth in 1601, and these had been specially preserved in the Act of 1624. With these powers the old companies had all come to the front again, and they were brought into bitter hostility with the neighbouring town of Shields. The chief assertor of the common law rights, in opposition to special privileges, was a brewer named Ralph Gardner, who certainly underwent great personal sacrifices in the cause, and brought startling allegations against the Newcastle men for the way they exercised their powers. He asserts that the action of the burgesses from 1642 to 1644 “caused coals to be four pound » chaldron, and salt four pound the weigh, the poor inhabitants forced to flie the sountry, others to quarter all armies upon free quarter ; heavy taxes to them all, both English, Scots and Garrisons; plundered of all they had; land lying waste; coal- sits drowned; salt-works broken down; hay and corn burnt; town pulled down; mens wives carried away by the unsatiable Scots and abused; all being occasioned by that corporations disaffection ; and yet to tyrannize as is hereafter mentioned.” England's Grievance Discovered. Address to the Reader. The reply of the Corporation, who were represented in London by Mr S. Hartlib, has been printed trom a MS. of Alderman Hornby's on Conservatorship of Tyne in Richardson, Reprints of Rare Tracts, m. p. 35. Many of Gardner's accusations are met by » simple denial of the alleged facts; in regard to the conservancy of the river, the most serious question, the Corporations said that they had acted on the advice of the authorities of the Trinity House, p. 62. They claimed to retain special privi- leges on political grounds, however, as their town was a defence against the Scots. Dne of their trade corporations, the Hostmen, paid £8000 a year to the publie ireasury and might well expect their privileges to be protected, pp. 43, 44. * Ag in other trades which looked to a distant market, there were occasional ductuations, with consequent difficulties between employers and employed. sspecially in 1740 (Brand, op. cit. mw. 307, 309), and 1765. (Macpherson, mr. 420.) 4 Grav. Chorooranhia. 25.

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