The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

COAL-MINING 531 and upon these Statements the Committee, assuming an ADs imaginary basis, fix the relative proportions, as to quantity, ’ between all the Collieries, which proportions are observed, whatever quantity the Markets may demand. The Com- From each mittees then meet once a month, and according to the ciery. probable demand of the ensuing month, they issue so much per 1,000 to the different collieries; that is, if they give me an imaginary basis of 80,000 and my neighbour 20,000, according to the quality of our Coal and our power of raising them in the monthly quantity; if they issue 100 to the 1000, I raise and sell 3000 during the month, and my neighbour 2000; but in fixing the relative quantities, if we take 800,000 chaldrons as the probable demand of the different markets for the year; if the markets should require more, an increased quantity would be given out monthly, so a8 to raise the annual quantity to meet that demand, were it double the original quantity assumed.” It was possible to argue that the vend was an arrange- ment which merely secured a reasonable price, and that, while it benefited the producers as a body, it did not entail altimate loss on the consumers’. But the relations which and the existed, in some parts of the country, between the coal- Soacung owners and the labourers were much less defensible. It was important to the employer to be able to command the regular and constant service of a number of labourers, and customs grew up® by which the miners were just as definitely astricted to particular mines as villeins had been to par- ticular estates in the middle ages. This custom was specially noticeable in Scotland; an Act was passed with the view of breaking it down in 17754 but apparently with little success, for farther legislation was necessary in 1799%, The bonds- were men were born in a state of subjection, and an attempt was bondsmen, first made to free them gradually; but many of them failed to take advantage of the opportunity, while others became 1 Reports, ete., 1830, vim. 6. 2 Especially as the arrangement only held good in the Newcastle district which was exposed to competition from other fields. Jb. 1830, vi. 17. 8 Cosmo Innes considers it was not a vestige of mediaeval serfdom, Sketches of Barly Scotch History, 499: May, Oonstitutional History, m1. 38. t 15 Geo. IIL. c. 28. § 39 Geo. IIL. ec. 56. 24__9

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