The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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546 PARLIAMENTARY COLBERTISM LD. 1689 —1776. of raising stock and airy farming. improves ments in wllage ‘n the snghteenth rentury nuch given to the growing of cereals, but they were adepts in cattle-breeding and dairy farming. Englishmen were much impressed with the desirability of imitating them, by growing Toot crops and artificial grasses, so as to have better means for feeding stock during winter. During the preceding century, grazing had been restricted; in the seventeenth, efforts were made to promote it with regard bo cattle; the very statute, which gives fresh opportunity for the export of corn, is strictly protective against the importation of fat cattle, as it had been found by experience that the English cattle-breeders were suffering from foreign competition?; and a few years later the cattle-farmers of [reland® were prohibited from continuing an export trade which was proving very profitable. We may gather from Defoe’s Tour that English farmers who had devoted them- selves to this occupation were prospering greatly in the sarlier half of the eighteenth century? even before the time shen Bakewell did so much to improve the breeds of stock of every kind® It is obvious, however, that improved methods were also being introduced with regard to the cultivation of cereals. Very full information. on the changes which were taking James I. to introduce the cultivation of mulberry trees, so that the English might se able to provide the raw material for the silk manufacture (Hartlib’s Legacy, 0. 72), a project which was eagerly taken up in France, Fagniez, op. cit. 1 Root crops appear to have been introduced to some extent as a course of husbandry. Weston refers to them (Discourse of Husbandris used in Brabant 11652), p. 25); also Worlidge (op. cit. p. 46). Arthur Young had occasion to -riticise the manner of growing turnips which had become traditional at the date of his tours; but on the other hand it does not appear that much practical result ‘ollowed from the recommendation of clover (Weston, Discourse of Husbandrie, L1; Hartlib’s Legacy, 1), sainfoin and lucerne as means of cleaning the fields; the sultivation of these grasses seems to have been one of the distinctive improve- ments of the eighteenth century. . % 15 Charles II. ¢. 7, § 13. ¢ 18 and 19 Charles IL ¢. 2, An Act against importing cattle from Ireland, and ther parts beyond the seas. 4 Defoe, Tour (1724) (1. Letter i. p. 90), notes the existence of wealthy tenants on the dairy farms of High Suffolk. Some had stock worth £1000 “in Cows only.” § Compare the insertion in Defoe’s Tour on the improved pasture at Painshill in Surrey (1748), 1. 239. This is not in the edition of 1724. The remark on the increase in the value of pasture near Yarmouth (from 5s. to 20s. an acre), is also an insertion. Ib. 1. 63. 8 See below, p. 556 n. 2.

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