The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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MOTIVES FOR AND RESULTS OF ENCLOSURE 557 of this fresh soil, and Aubrey describes how in Wiltshire, A.D. 1689 “as ten thousand pounds is gained in the Hill Country, so —*7'% the Vale does lose as much, which brings it to an equation.” The same sort of change was taking place over larger areas; Leicestershire and Northamptonshire had been great corn- growing areas, but in the seventeenth century, tillage gave place to pasture farming; the inland shires were? apparently at a disadvantage in disposing of their grain; cattle-breeding and sheep-farming were the most profitable uses of the soil. The Council of James I and Charles 13 had taken active measures to check the movement of turning arable land to pasture in these districts, both by writing to the justices and by instituting proceedings in the Star Chambers, With the and no fall of the monarchy, there was no longer any effective means 27 12% of attempting to maintain the special conditions of either Fo agriculture or industry in particular localities, and pasture markets. farming spread more rapidly® The movement for enclosure does not appear to have Vales, thongh not quite so much....In Wiltshire it appears to be so very significant that if a Farmer has a Thousand of Sheep, and no Fallows to fold them on, his Neighbour will give him Ten Shillings a Night for every Thousand.” Defoe, Tour (1724), Vol. 11. Letter 1. 49. 1 Natural History of Wiltshire, 111. His own rents at Chalke had fallen £60 since the Civil War. 3 See above p. 544 n. 2, 8 Leonard, op. cst. 126. 4 7b. 129, ® Some discussion arose on the subject during the Intervegnum, in consequence of the allegations of the Rev. John Moore of Knaptoft, who seems to have thought that a great deal of enclosure with depopulation had recently occurred in Leicestershire (Crying sin of England of not caring for the poor wherein Inclosure viz. auch, as doth unpeople Townes and uncorn fields is arraigned), and that as a consequence tenants were unable to get farms, and cottiers were deprived of employment in various agricultural operations which he enumerates bp. 11). ‘Pseudonismus’ replied that the law provided sufficiently against any danger of depopulating, and that this could only arise from carelessness in enforcing it. Considerations concerning Common Fields (1654), p.8. This answer to Moore's pamphlet has been attributed, by Nichols (History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester (1807), 1v. i. 85), to the Rev. Joseph Lee, Rector of Cottesbach in Leicestershire. See also A Scripture word against Inclosure (1656), from which it appears that petitions on the subject from Leicestershire were pre- sented to the Lord Protector and his Council. The further reply of Pseudo. nismus, Vindication of the Considerations, includes a vigorous statement from a Leicestershire gentleman of the waste and mischief which arose from the common fields (p. 41); this is quoted by Nichols, op. eit. 1v. i. 93. Lee distinguished the enclosing he approved from that of Tudor Times. Eirafia 708 dypot, or 4 Fin- dication of a regulated Enclosure, (1656). Considerable extracts are printed by Nichols. History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, Iv. i. 94.

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