The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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516 LAISSEZ FAIRE Riding and other areas where water-power could be had, and the comparative desertion of low lying and level districts. The application of steam-power caused a farther readjust- ment in favour of the coal-producing areas; but this new development did not resuscitate the decaying industries of the Eastern Counties, since they were as badly off for coal as they were for water-power. 945. The introduction of machinery rendered it necessary 10 concentrate the labourers in factories where the machines were in operation; the new methods of work were incoms- patible with the continued existence of cottage industry. The man who worked in his own house, whether as a wage- sarner under the capitalist system or as an independent tradesman under the domestic system, was no longer required, 50 soon as it was proved that machine production was econo- mically better. In the same way, the concentration of spinning in factories deprived the women of a by-employment in their cottages. During the greater part of the eighteenth century industrial occupations were very widely diffused, and the interconnection between the artisan population and rural occupation was close’. The severance had already begun; but under the influence of the introduction of machinery nd in, [6 went on with greater rapidity, till the differentiation of iifferentia- town from country employment was practically complete. od The divorce of the industrial population from the soil ounty tended on the one hand to the impoverishment of the rural districts, from which manufactures were withdrawn, and on the other to a notable change in the position of the workman; he came to be wholly dependent on his earnings, and to have no other source to which he could look for support. The cottage weavers, whether wage-earners or independent men, had had the opportunity of work in the ficlds in harvest and of supplementing their income from their gardens or through their privileges on the common wastes. When the industrial population was massed in factory towns®they were necessarily deprived of these subsidiary sources of income, and their terms of employment were affected by the state of trade. 1 See pp. 502 and 564 above. 2 A Committee of the House of Commons insisted the advantages of allotments to the artisan population and had evidence of a widespread anxiety to obtain them. Reports 1843, vir. 203. A.D. 1776 —1850. The con- centration of labour involved the decay of cottage smploy- ment

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