The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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LAISSEZ FAIRE A.D. 1776 with reference to English territorial ideas. Each of the "convicts, as he became free, received a grant of thirty or forty acres, if he chose to apply for it, at a quit rent, for the property in the soil was carefully retained by the State. The pasture of Australia, though plentiful, was poor, and Captain Macarthur calculated” that three acres were necessary for every sheep, and that a square mile would only suffice for a flock of two hundred. There was a strong feeling against allowing any single individual to monopolise large areas of land in the neighbourhood of the growing town. The diffi- culty was met by a proposal which was put forward by Sir Joseph Banks. “As you and the gentlemen concerned with you®,” he wrote, seem determined to persevere in your New South Wales sheep adventure, and as I am aware that its success will be of infinite importance to the manufacturers of England, and that its failure will not happen without much previous advantage to the infant colony, I should be glad to know whether the adventurers would be contented with a grant of a large quantity of land as sheep walks only, resumable by the Government in any parcels in which it shall be found convenient to grant it as private property, on condition of an equal quantity of land being granted 1m recompense as sheep walk. The lands to be chosen by your agent in lots of 100,000 acres each, and a new lot granted as soon as the former has been occupied, as far as 1,000,000 acres.” This was the form of tenure which was eventually adopted ; many graziers held the area for grass alone, and re- moved elsewhere, when the Government notified them that the land was required for other purposes ; they were in consequence spoken of as squatters’. Captain Macarthur may be described 4 Bonwick, 104. 2 Ib. 75. 8 Ib. 77. i Ib. 78. The term squatter is associated in England with settling on a common ‘see above, p. 568). In Australia the first plan was to grant common grazing rights sver a considerable area to a group of settlers by lease (Governor King's Proclama- tion, 1804, in Bonwick, 105). This system soon proved too restricted for the rapidly increasing flocks, and in 1820 letters of occupation were granted to some individuals, 30 as to allow them to range beyond the limits prescribed in this lease (Bonwick, 106). In 1831 (see p. 861 below) the policy of the colony was so far changed that he out-and-out sale of land was introduced, partly, it would appear, through ihe influence of Mr Wakefield (Art of Colonisation, 45)—though mining rights were still reserved (Bonwick, 107)—but the prices were prohibitive, so far as sraziers were concerned, and but little relief was given to them till 1847, when

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