The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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THE SUPPLY OF WOOL, IRELAND AND AUSTRALIA 649 as the first of the class; he obtained from Government a grant AD 8 of a conditional right to use 5000 acres for pasturing sheep’, ’ and settled down on the Nepean River. He had failed in obtaining the use of British capital for his enterprise, but he had done not a little to stir up public interest in England, and he certainly laid the foundation of the wool trade on which the prosperity of Australia has been built up. The example which had been set was speedily followed, and the terms of Captain Macarthur’s grant laid down the lines of the system ander which sheep-farming was gradually developed. Some time elapsed before the supply of Australian wool but this was sufficient in quantity, or adequate in quality, to cause any not avad. serious difference in the prospects of the English cloth manu- ob pr facture. The importation in 1820 was about 190,000 lbs., in deat 1826 it was over 1,000,000, and in 1828 it was estimated at double that quantity? After the introduction of the Saxon breeds into New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land, there was an extraordinary improvement in the wool obtained, both as to fineness of texture and softness of quality, and a mer- chant could predict that, within fifteen or twenty years, England would be independent of supplies from Spain and Germany®. The new source of material had come to be of the utmost importance in the thirties, when the struggle tl after between hand-weaving and power-weaving was being fought lution, - out. But the intervention of machine spinning took place ¥*"*™ in the woollen trade at a time when expansion was im- practicable, because of the limitation in the supply of material. 252. The manufacture of woollen cloth involved an im- mense number of separate processes, which are enumerated in Mr Miles’ Report on the condition of the hand-loom Orders in Council appeared which divided the waste lands of Australia into three slasses, and gave the squatters much greater security of tenure than they had hitherto enjoyed. On the settled lands, which were available for purchase, the squatter had only a yearly tenure; on the intermediate lands, he was allowed an sight years’ lease; while on the unsettled lands he might obtain a lease for fourteen years, at the rent of £10 for every 4000 sheep in his flocks (ib. 109). The very form of these orders shows how completely English ideas on the subject had hanged since Macarthur first approached the Government or the subject in 1803. Bonwick, 81. 2 Mr Donaldson’s evidence, Reports, 1828, vim. 425. Mr Hughes’ evidence, Reports, 1828, vi. 400. Reports, 1840, xxv. 389, printed pag. 369.

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