The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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A.D. 1776 —1850. A great saving was effected by ne or carding and cerebbling 350 LAISSEZ FAIRE weavers in Gloucestershire in 1840; preparing the wool involved seven distinct processes, and double the number were necessary in order to render the cloth, as taken from the loom, fit for the market, Mr Miles gives a brief statement of the saving made by the introduction of machinery in each of the more important processes. So far as the preparation of the wool was concerned, the carding machinery patented by Lewis Paul in 1748 and introduced by him at Northampton. Leominster and Wigan®, appears to have come into general use before the close of the century, and though it displaced about 75 per cent. of the labour employed®, and some rioting occurred, we hear of wonderfully little disturbance in con- nection with its introduction. In 1793 Arthur Young, writing of Leeds, describes how he “viewed with great pleasure the machines for unclotting and puffing out wool, 1f I may use the expression, also for spinning and various other operationst.” Similarly we hear that in the West Riding, people in general approved of machinery for the preparatory processes, and when wool was given them to weave, took it to the “slubbing engine to be scribbled, carded and slubbed®.” Mr Howlett, writing from Dunmow in 1790, in enumerating various recent inventions, mentions mills «for grinding the wool preparatory to carding, by means of this the master 1 The regularly apprenticed Yorkshire clothier had opportunities of becoming practically acquainted with all these processes. Joseph Coope of Pudsey near Leeds gave an interesting account of his training to the Committee on the State of the Woollen Manufacture in 1806. He had been taught when he was eight years old (1783) to spin with a wheel in his parents’ house, and subsequently, when jennies were introduced, to card and slub the wool in preparation for the jennies. He was bound apprentice for seven years when he was thirteen. “The first year,” he says, “1 was chiefly put to the loom, in the second year under the care of my master and a servant man, when I was not at the loom I was still employed in slubbing and carding. The second year I was put to the jenny, and towards the latter end of the second year, and during the third, I alternately spun my own web, and then wove it at the same time, a servant man was working and helped me in the same way.” In the fourth year “it was nearly the same only I was getting more proficient in it. The fifth and sixth years, or the two last years rather, my master considered me as competent to do what we commonly call a man’s day work.” Reports, 1806, mm. 647, printed pag. 31. 3 Bischoff, 1. 313. Kay had invented a power machine for carding cotton before 1779. Rees, op. cit. 8.v. Cotton. 8 Reports, 1840, xx1v. 390. 4 Annals of Agriculture, xxvu. 310. s Reports, Misc. 1806, ms. p. 992, printed pag. 400; also Mr Ellis’ evidence, Ib. 64.

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