The Industrial Revolution

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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854 LAISSEZ FAIRE flying shuttle; but we have incidental notices of jennies In various parts of the country. In 1791 spinning-jennies were in use at Barnstaple and Ottery S. Mary; they had caused some uneasiness among the spinners, but had had no sensible effect on the trade’. At Kendal there was machine spinning at the same date; at first it seemed to hurt the hand spinning, but the complaints on this head did not continue® The true character of the competition was becoming apparent however; for it was observed, at Pucklechurch, that the machines were ousting the inferior spinners, and that there was a demand for finer threads, so that the spinners, who were paid by the pound, were obliged to do more work for the same money®. In Cornwall, in 17954, the competition of jennies was clearly felt; and in other cases, the improved rates for weaving rendered the women and children inde- pendent, and unwilling to “rival a woollen jenny.” There were riots at Bury in Suffolk in 1816° which seem to have been partly directed against these implements, and this probably means that they were of comparatively recent intro- duction in the Eastern Counties at that date®. In the last decade of the eighteenth century we have a competition between two methods of spinning—Dby the wheel, wd spine and by the domestic machines known as jennies. The ning with . . the whee jennies would have ousted the wheels under any circumstances seased tobe sooner or later, but there were other causes at work which tive, accelerated the change. Chief among these was the scarcity of wool, with a consequent diminution of employment and such low rates of pay that hand spinning ceased to be a remunerative occupation. The change became the subject of not part of a domestic weaver's equipment, but a machine which competed with wage-earning workmen. See below, p. 662. L Annals of Agriculture, Xv. 494. 2 Ib. 497. 8 Jb. 585. 4 “The earnings by spinning have for the last year been much curtailed, owing to the woolstaplers using spinning engines near their place of residence, in preference to sending their wool into the country to be spun by hand.” Annals of Agriculture, Xxv1. 19. § Annual Register, 1816, p. 70. 6 T. writing in 1779 notices that distaff spinning was still maintained in Norfolk. Letters on the Utility and Policy of employing Machines, p. 14. It is said that spinning—presumably with a wheel—was introduced by an Ttalian— Anthony Bonvis—about 1505, and that the making of Devonshire kerseys began about the same time (C. Owen, Danger of the Church and Kingdom from Foreigners, 48). The wheel had come into general use in England, but had not apparently penetrated into the area where the textile arts had been longest established. On the modes of spinning in different localities in 1596, 8. P. D. El. Ad. xxx. 71. A.D. 1776 —1850.

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