The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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706 LAISSEZ FAIRE the lines suggested by Mr Bakewell, had been widespread, and sheep and cattle were raised for the sake of the carcase’, rather than for the wool or for draught. Some complaint was made that this form of pasture farming was pursued at the expense of tillage; but the increase of cattle-breeding was chiefly due to the careful cultivation of turnips, and the farmer really had an additional inducement to improve his system of cultivation. Still, though the supply of butchers’ great meat was enlarged, there was very serious difficulty in meet- pains were . 3 iq. taken to ing the increasing demand within the country for cereals; a and one Committee of the House of Commons after another? i . investigated the prospects of the harvest, and advised on the best means of providing for the population. An elaborate system of registration had been devised’, by which information could be obtained as to the price and probable stocks of grain throughout the country, and the problem was faced. A.D. 1776 18350. 1 Sir John Sinclair wrote in 1795: « The difference between the size of cattle and sheep now, and in the reign of Queen Anne, when half the stock of the kingdom were fed on Commons, is hardly to be credited. In 1710, the cattle and sheep sold at Smithfield Market, weighed, at an average, as follows: —Beeves, 3701b.; Calves, 501b.; Sheep, 281b.; Lambs, 181b. Now it may be stated. Beeves, 8001b.; Calves, 1431b.; Sheep, 80 1b.; and Lambs, 501b. The increase is principally, if not solely, to be attributed to the improvements which have been effected within these last 60 years, and the feeding of our young stock, in good inclosed pastures, instead of wastes and commons.” Reports, IX. p. 204, note. 2 1774. A Committee to consider the methods practised in making flour from wheat. 1783. A Committee to take the Act for regulating and ascertaining the Importation and Exportation of grain...into consideration (two reports). 1795. Select Committee to take into consideration the present High Price of Corn (five reports). 1800. Committee to consider means of rendering more effectual the Act for better regulating the Assize of bread (two reports). Committee to consider the present High Price of Provisions (six reports). 1801. Committee appointed to consider of the present high price of provisions (seven reports). There was besides, a Committee on the corn trade between England and Ireland, in 1802, and Committees on the improvement and enclosure of waste, unenclosed and un- productive lands, in 1795, 1797 and 1800. The reports of these Committees will be found in the reprints of the Reports of the Committees of the House of Commons (1803), IX. 8 The duty on importation which had been imposed under Charles IL {22 C. II. c. 13) varied, according a8 English corn was being sold above or below a definite price. According to 1 James IL. ¢. 19, the justices of each county were to certify the * common market price of middling English corn.” The necessity of knowing the price of corn for fiscal purposes led to several changes in administra- tive machinery (2 Geo. IL. ¢. 18; 14 Geo. IIL. c. 64). A system of registration of the price of corn at the different markets was instituted in 1769 (10 Geo. IL. c. 39); a paid inspector for London was appointed in 1781 (21 Geo. IIL e. 50), and ten inspectors were instituted for the maritime counties in 1789. 29 Geo. III. c. 58.

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