The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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RURAL WAGES AND ALLOWANCES 719 several divisions, make the following calculations and allow- AD Is ances, for the relief of all poor and industrious men, and their ” grant families, who, to the satisfaction of the justices of their parish, allowances shall endeavour (as far as they can) for their own support Fomiies of and maintenance; that is to say, when the gallon loaf of bode seconds flour, weighing 8 lbs. 11 oz. shall cost 1s., then every matically poor and industrious man shall have for his own support 3s. weekly, either procured by his own, or his family’s labour, or an allowance from the poor-rates; and for the support of his wife, and every other of his family, 1s. 64. When the gallon loaf shall cost 1s. 6d., then every poor and industrious man shall have 4s. weekly for his own support, and 1s. 10d. for the support of every other of his family. And so in proportion, as the price of bread rises or falls (that is to say) 3d. to the man, and 1d. to every other of his family, on every 1d. which the loaf rises above 1s.2.” Occasional out-door relief had been given in many parishes, but these justices now made use of their powers under Gilbert's Act? to give it systematically, and to the able-bodied poor. The example they set was generally followed, and received legislative endorsement in the same year, as an Act was passed which rendered it possible for the overseers, in parishes which had not come under the provisions of Gilbert's Act, to pursue the same course, and gave the justices power to order the granting of out-door relief’, This practice must have tended to check the rise L Pashley, Pauperism and Poor Laws (1852), 258; compare also the table in Annals of Agriculture, xxv. 537, and gee p. 765 below. 2 22 Geo. ITI. c. 83, § 32. See above, p. 578. ® The Act of 1723 had given any parish power to establish houses for the poor, and to refuse all out-door relief to those who would not go into them, but this was amended in 1795, as it was ‘found to be inconvenient and oppressive, inasmuch as it often prevents an industrious poor person from receiving such occasional relief as is best suited to the peculiar case of such poor person, and inasmuch as in certain cases it holds out conditions of relief injurious to the comfort and domestic situation and happiness of such poor persons.” The workhouse test was thus abolished ander 36 Geo. III. ¢. 23. An effort appears to have been made to retain it in certain districts in the Eastern Counties, where Houses of Industry had been established (Ib. § 4) under private Acts of Parliament. Ruggles gives a very Iavourable account of these establishments and contrasts them with the ordinary poor-houses, History of the Poor (1797), 308, 324. He held that they were bene- ficial in every way, and could be 80 managed as to diminish rates (75. 333). But these parishes were unable to resist the tendency of giving out.door relief (75. 315) shougn they struggled against it. Rules and Orders for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Directors amd for the better governing, regulating and

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