The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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THE HUMANITARIANS AND ROBERT OWEN 749 sther lands, into which we entered with the view of benefiting 40. Jie them, are an interesting evidence of a wider range of humanitarianism than had been observable before. English philanthropy showed itself in many directions; it was a 9nd other sentiment which was aroused by human misery and degrada- home and tion, either at home or abroad; thus it gave rise, on the one abroad, hand, to protective measures on behalf of certain classes of the community, and on the other, to cosmopolitan intervention in favour of down-trodden races. This sentiment was closely sonnected with the evangelical revival' and with religious activity at home and abroad. The importance of this humanitarian and philanthropic 24 ne movement became more obvious in 1796, in a time of serious to better the privation, when the Society for Bettering the Condition of the Tere weer, Poor was founded by Dr Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham, and Sir Thomas Bernard’. Their energy came to be more and more concentrated in promoting the spread of education®, and in this matter the economic experts and philanthropists sould make common cause. There was a free field to work in, for the educational facilities, which had been compatible with the ages of civic economy and domestic manufacture, The association of religion and philanthropy was very close among the prominent men of the so-called * Clapham Sect.’ Hatton, in Social England, v1. 20. The precursors of the evangelical movement had taken a different line, as they retained the Puritan attitude both in regard to slavery and the reckless treatment of natives. Whitefield complains when writing in Georgia (1738), * The people were denied the use both of rum and slaves * * * So that in reality to place people there on such a footing was little better than to tie their legs and bid them walk.” Tyerman, Whitefield, 1. 141. 3 Holyoake, Self-kelp, a hundred years ago, p. 19. 3 The Reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor show an increasing interest in this matter, especially as the Malthusian doctrine took Armer hold, and the advantages of parochial charities or cheap foods came to be yuestioned. (See a paper read at the Owestry Society, Remarks on the Present State of the Poor, 1826; Brit. Mus. 8277. c. 1. (2) p. 16.) The formation of the British School Bociety (1808) and the National Society (1811) is additional evidence of the importance attached to it. The immediate effects promised well. “Last August (1807), being at Rodburgh, in Gloucestershire, I (Dr Haygarth) inquired what effect had been produced upon the inhabitants by the introduction of machinery into the woollen manufactures of that valley, fearing to receive a very unfavourable report. But I was informed that the poor manufacturers had lately become much more orderly, sober, and industrious; and as a proof of the truth of this remark the landlord of the Inn assured me that he now sold £300 worth less of ale and spirits in a year than he had done fourteen years ago. This change in the behaviour and morals of the people he wholly ascribed to the effect of their education by dissenters.” Of the Education of the Poor (1809), p. 89 ‘Brit, Mus. 288. g. 17).

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