The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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788 LAISSEZ FAIRE 8-0. Ja The Act of 1833 had endeavoured to isolate the question of child labour, but as a matter of fact this could not be The over- done. The children assisted the work of adults, and the Caren Inasters were inclined to evade the restrictions on the time sould not, when boys and girls were employed, as this was the way in "fectively which the customary hours for men could be most con- veniently maintained. The inspectors found that it was practically impossible to check the time during which any one boy or girl remained at work, as the machinery was kept running for longer hours than those in which children might be legally employed’. The intimate connection be- tween the various elements in the organisation of a factory had been asserted by the advocates of a Ten Hours Bill all along?, and the nature of the changes which were necessary, in order that the measure passed in 1833 might be rendered wilthe effective, was only gradually recognised. In 1844 another hours for step was taken, and the argument for State-interference on restricted; pohalf of children. was extended; a strong case had been made for legislative action to protect adult women, both as regards the mischief of physical injury, and their own in- ability to drive independent bargains, and it was enacted that women were to be treated as young persons’. In 1847 the hours for young persons and women were still further reduced by the passing of the Ten Hours Bill, and it was generally expected that this new restriction would have the effect of limiting the hours during which the machinery was kept in motion. When trade revived in 1849, however, 1 After 1833, though there was a twelve hour day, it might be worked between 5.80 a.m, and 8.30 p.m. and meal times might be distributed as the employer -hose. Those who were working had to do double work, while others were having meals—thus demanding a greater intensity of effort from those at work. It was quite impossible to tell whether any particular persons had had meals, or whether they were working over-hours or not, since the employer could always plead that they began late. 2 “The mistake of Parliament,” said Mr Hindley, the member for Ashton, “hag arisen from supposing that they could effectively legislate for children without including adults—they are not aware that labour in a mill is, strictly speaking, family labour, and that there is no longer the system of a parent main- laining his children by the operation of his own industry.” Hutchins and Harrison, op. cit. 47. 87 and 8 Vict. c. 15, § 32. The hours of young persons were limited to 12 honors bv the Act of 1833.

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