The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1027928145

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-159926

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, William http://d-nb.info/gnd/128907487

Title:: The Industrial Revolution

Place of publication:: Cambridge

Publisher:: The University Press

Year of publication:: 1922

Scope:: xxii S., S. 404-886

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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THE NAVIGATION ACT AND THE COLONIES 475 of philanthropy. The American natives were physically unfit A.D. 1689 for hard toil on the plantations?, and Bartholomew de las —He Casas urged that Africans were so constituted that they sould work hard in this tropical climate without serious injury’. In the northern colonies, where white labourers were able to exert themselves fully, there was no advantage in the employment of negro labour. Though some direct voyages were made from the African coast to Newport® and other ports on the mainland, the more usual practice appears to have been to ship the slaves to the West Indian islands from Africa, and thence, as they were needed, to Spanish America and the Virginian plantations. The ordinary Englishman of the eighteenth century in which simply regarded the slave trade as a great branch of the Bngland :arrying trade which gave employment to English shipping ; largely in the Assiento¢ Treaties were a bargain with the Spanish Government, by which England secured the sole right of 1 Edwards, 11. 45. This did not give them immunity from slavery, however. “The traders on the Musquito shore were accustomed to sell their goods at very sigh prices and long credit, to the Musquito Indians, and the mode of payment set on foot by the British settlers, was to hunt the other surrounding tribes of [ndians, and seize them by stratagem or force, from whence they were delivered “0 the British traders as slaves, at certain prices, in discharge of their debts, and were by them conveyed as articles of commerce to the English and French settle- nents in the West Indies. The person among others, concerned in this shameful :raffic, had been the superintendent himself, whose employment was ostensibly to protect the Indians, from whence, as the House will easily perceive, all kinds of jealousy, distraction, and distrust had prevailed: several of the Indians and particularly the King, complained to my friend of the distracted state of the aatives, from this species of commerce.” Parl. Hist. XIX. 62. ! 'W. Robertson, The History of America, 3. 318. ' Washburn, Slavery tn Massachusetts, 218 ; Bancroft, op. cit. 1x. 405, i English jealousy was roused by the treaty of 1701, which gave the French Company of Guinea the exclusive right for ten years. The Company was allowed to furnish annually 4800 slaves and in time of war 3000, on payment of 100 livres tournois each for the first 4000, the remainder to be free. For this they advanced 300,000 livres to the King to be paid back during the last {wo years of the Treaty. The Company had the right to export goods or metals to the value of the slaves mported. The Kings of France and Spain each had a share of a fourth in the Treaty, and as the King of France did not find it convenient to pay his share of the capital, 1,000,000 livres, the Company was to advance it to him at 8 per cent. In Art. 12 of the Treaty between Spain and England in 1713 Spain gave to England and the English Co. the Assiento to the exclusion of Spanish subjects and all others for thirty years dating from 1713, on the same conditions on which he French had formerly held it. In addition the Company holding the Assiento were given a suitable piece of land on the Rio de la Plata to deposit there the negroes till sold. Specifically the rights were: i. Leave to import 4800 negroes annually at 100 livres duty per head, on

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