Port economics

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 173564191X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-111718

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Cunningham, Brysson http://d-nb.info/gnd/1055472266

Title:: Port economics

Place of publication:: London [usw.]

Publisher:: Pitman

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: IX, 134 S

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. Ports and harbours

Collection:: Economics Books

PORTS AND HARBOURS or ridges, which, without necessarily reaching the sea surface, reduce the depth of water over them to such an extent as to act as an impediment to waves, causing them to break in passing. BREAKWATERS The principal feature of artificial harbours is the Break- water,! the object of which, as the name signifies, is to break up and disperse waves, and so prevent them from producing agitation of the water surface within the harbour area. Although the design and construction of break- waters is strictly a matter of engineering science, yet in view of the bearing which the constructional and main- tenance cost has upon the “ overhead ” or capital charges of a port, it is desirable to mention one or two governing factors in relation to their economical formation. Breakwaters are of two distinct types, with an inter- mediate or composite form. The two distinct types are the Rubble Mound and the Wall. The first consists of stone rubble or rough blocks of various sizes, deposited pell-mell in a continuous line along the sea floor and raised until the crest reaches above surface level, and the second consists of regular blocks of masonry or concrete, built up in courses, exactly as a wall, or of concrete deposited in mass within temporary moulds to the same general outline. The section of the former is roughly triangular, or trapezoidal, with a broad base, and of the second, rectangular with a narrow base. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each may be briefly summarized as follows— The mound can be constructed by means of unskilled labour, and is generally cheaper than the wall, despite the fact that its bulk is considerably greater. But the random blocks are easily displaced by rough seas, and 2 Abroad, the word Mole is more commonly employed, especially on the continent of Europe ; and, in France, this is almost indis- tinguishable from another word, [etée, which, however, more closely resembles our English Jetty. But see Chap. II.

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