Migration and business cycles

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1736236210

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-111544

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Jerome, Harry

Title:: Migration and business cycles

Place of publication:: New York

Publisher:: National Bureau of Economic Research

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: 256 S.

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VII. Cyclical fluctuations of selected elements in migration

Collection:: Economics Books

CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS IN MIGRATION 145 table, showing the percentage decline in the depression years ending June 30, 1904, 1908, 1911, and 1922, respectively, as compared with the number of arrivals in the relatively high years immediately preceding. Table 39 PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN DEPRESSION YEARS Year ending June 30 Male immigration Female immigration 1904 —10.4 + 8.1 1908 —45.5 —22.3 1911 —22.6 + 1.0 1922 —66.7 —55.1 In 1904 and 1911, the immigration of females even increased slightly, and in each of the other two depression years the decrease was less than that in male immigration of the corresponding period. The greater stability of the movement of incoming alien females is further illustrated in Chart 27, on an earlier page in this chapter. The fluctuations in neither ‘female immigrants” nor ‘‘female non- immigrants’ are as decided as the corresponding fluctuations in the number of arriving male aliens. This fact is particularly noticeable prior to the war. Emigration by Sex. The number of outgoing females is somewhat less variable than that of males. For example, in 1909, when industrial conditions in the United States were improving, the decline in the number of departing females is relatively smaller; likewise in 1917, and again in 1921 and 1922. The less pronounced movement of female emigration is illustrated by the curves in Chart 28, on page 143. All the curves—male and female emigrant and male and female nonemigrant—fell sharply during the war, but in both the pre-war and post-war periods, the fluctuations in female departures are somewhat less violent than those of male departures. There are exceptions to this tendency, such as the decline in “emigrant” females in 1924. Inasmuch as ordinarily there are no marked differences in direction in the fluctuations of the emigration of the sexes, and as males are numerically the larger element in the total, for both emigrants and nonemigrants the curves for the combined numbers of males and females closely resemble the curves for males alone, although their fluctuations are toned down slightly by the lesser fluctuations of the female element.

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