Migration and business cycles

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1736236210

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-111544

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Jerome, Harry

Title:: Migration and business cycles

Place of publication:: New York

Publisher:: National Bureau of Economic Research

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: 256 S.

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VIII. The influence of economic conditions in the countries of emigration

Collection:: Economics Books

INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 207 1882, again rose to about 17,000 in the years ending June 30, 1885 and 1886, and then, with the improvement of conditions in the United States, rose rapidly to a peak of 81,511 in 1892. In these years good conditions in America acted as an attracting force and bad conditions in Russia as an expelling force, for in July, 1890, there was a revival of the attacks against the Jews and in 1891 the expulsion of the Jews from Russia was ordered by Imperial edict. Also, 1891 and 1892 were depression years in Russia with crop failures and famine conditions. In 1893 conditions improved in Russia, but depression set in in the United States, accompanied by a decline in immigration from Russia. The poor harvests of 1896 and 1897, contrary to the tendencies just noted in the previous occurrences of that kind, are followed, in the years ending June 30, 1897 and 1898, respectively, by a decided decrease in emigration to the United States, both absolutely and relatively to immigration from other countries. From this point, immigration from Russia rapidly increased, both in good years and in bad years, until it reached a high point of about 263,000 in the year ending December 31, 1906. It is not obvious whether this 1906 boom was due to the coincident industrial ac- tivity in the United States or to the depression and disturbed conditions which prevailed in Russia in 1905 and 1906 and for some years prior thereto. It is noteworthy, however, that this rapid rise in the years prior to 1908 is shared by other emigrant countries, so that for several years after 1899, there is no marked change in the proportion between immigration from Russia and that from other countries (see Chart 35). The Russian movement yielded to the general slump in im- migration in 1908 and continued to decline in 1909, and again in 1911, then exhibited a spectacular increase to a total of about 291,000 in the twelve months ending June 30, 1913, and about 345,000 in the year ending December 31, 1913. Though Russia had experienced a depression tendency toward the close of 1911, together with crop failures and some famine conditions, 1912 was a period of industrial activity, which continued into 1913, and crops were excellent in both 1912 and 1913; hence we do not find in Russian economic conditions an obvious explana- tion for the unprecedented increase in emigration. Nor, as we have noted in previous chapters, does the industrial boom in the United States in 1912 appear exceptional enough to account for the intensity

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