Migration and business cycles

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1736236210

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-111544

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Jerome, Harry

Title:: Migration and business cycles

Place of publication:: New York

Publisher:: National Bureau of Economic Research

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: 256 S.

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter II. Significant features of migration

Collection:: Economics Books

SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF MIGRATION 37 seasonal variation to differ markedly from that characteristic of the pre-war period. Obviously it would be difficult to trace the response of migration to cyclical changes in industry without making allowance for the strong seasonal tendencies. Consequently, in most instances, the quarterly and monthly data on migration have been corrected for typical seasonal variation before they were used in comparisons with employment or other indices of business conditions. Heavy Emigration. Comprehensive data concerning emigration are available only for the period beginning on July 1, 1907. Prior to that date an ap- proximation of the volume of emigration is afforded by statistics of outgoing steerage passengers furnished to the Government officials by the courtesy of the steamship companies. Both the approx- imations available prior to 1907 and the subsequent more exact statistics indicate clearly that an adequate analysis of the effect of migration upon labor supply must rest upon emigration as well as immigration statistics. Is the volume of emigration large relative to immigration? Does the net movement (immigration less emi- gration) show a decided response to industrial prosperity or de- pression? Is there ever a net outgo? The answers to these questions should help us in our quest. Consequently, in Chapter V and succeeding chapters attention has been given to fluctuations in emigration as well as in immigration. Statistics of the proportion between immigration and emigration of selected races are given in a subsequent section of this chapter; and the estimated or recorded net movement in the fiscal years 1900 to 1924 inclusive, is given in Table 10 on page 50. In the years 1908 to 1924, in which direct statistics of departures are available, the volume of alien departures was equal to 51 per cent of the volume of arrivals, but the ratio of departures to arrivals varies widely in the several years. Preponderance of Males. Immigration to the United States has been preponderantly male in every year from 1820 to 1923, except the fiscal year of 1922, when the ratio of males fell to 48.4 per cent of the total immigration. Chart 3 portrays the percentage distribution by sexes throughout the entire period for which data are available. For the fiscal years 1820 to 1867, inclusive, this chart is based upon the distribution as estimated by the Immigration Commission in its Statistical Review of Immigration,

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