Handbuch der vergleichenden Statistik- der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde

Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1737995603

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-113493

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gide, Charles http://d-nb.info/gnd/117543985

Title:: Principes d'économie politique

Edition:: 25 éd.

Place of publication:: Paris

Publisher:: Sirey

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: IV, 702 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Livre I. La production

Collection:: Economics Books

206 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR for relief from persons suffering from their teeth, it became neces- sary to employ dentists and open special surgeries for dental treat- ment. The dispensaries were also helpful in bringing to light not only cases of infectious disease among the population but more par- ticularly abdominal troubles. To save the army from the danger of infection, it was necessary to provide special isolation hospitals and to organize the campaign against epidemics at the front. It is obvi- ous that such measures were far beyond the capacity of individual detachments and, as will be seen farther on, it was left to the higher institutions of the Zemstvo Union to grapple with this problem. Nevertheless the detachments did all they could within their limited facilities, and in the intervals between battles they organized on their own initiative isolation hospitals. In the reports of the various detachments we meet with references to the organization not only of special hospitals for the treatment of cholera, typhoid fever, small- pox, etc., but even for venereal diseases and eczema. Epidemic diseases of the intestines made it imperative to adopt measures for the purification of drinking water and to provide proper nourishment for those sections of the local population and refugees who stood in the most urgent need of better food than they themselves were able to provide. The result was that long queues of hungry people began to be seen round the field kitchens of the zemstvo detachments when these were preparing the food for their soldier patients. These were com- posed mostly of the children of refugees who had taken up their abode in the neighboring forests; but they also included hungry lo- cal residents reduced to distress by the devastation of war. The zem- stvo detachments thus found themselves compelled to establish large soup kitchens and to work hard in order to obtain the necessary provisions. As regards the purification of the drinking water, the zemstvo detachments devoted themselves to the cleansing of the wells and pumps, repairing wherever necessary the plumbing, supplying the troops with water boilers, and setting up a regular network of can- teens and tea rooms, where sugar and tea, and sometimes also bread, was supplied free of charge. In connection with the bathing sta- tions, tea rooms became almost indispensable, since it was impossible otherwise to restrain the soldiers after their hot steam bath from cooling themselves with any kind of water that happened to be

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