Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1737995603

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-113493

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gide, Charles http://d-nb.info/gnd/117543985

Title:: Principes d'économie politique

Edition:: 25 éd.

Place of publication:: Paris

Publisher:: Sirey

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: IV, 702 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Livre II. La circulation

Collection:: Economics Books

WORK IN THE ARMY as the buildings themselves without having to depend upon the regu- lar service of the railways. Many depots had as much as 85 per cent of their supplies delivered by horse or motor car. The depots soon set up an independent machinery for purchases. The various institutions at the front having no experience at the outset, did not even attempt to plan their work in advance. Their demands on the depots showed as complete a lack of foresight and system as the military operations themselves. It was impossible to wait until Moscow should be able to execute urgent orders, so that the depots at the front were compelled to buy up hastily supplies of the commodities of which they had no stock. The depots nearest to the trenches found themselves frequently in the same situation, as regards their dealings with the other depots, on which they de- pended as their base at the front. Lastly, whenever the institutions of the Union were unable to obtain promptly from the nearest de- pots the articles they required, they endeavored to make independ- ent purchases. The uncodrdinated activities of the purchasing agents of the numerous institutions of the Union, even though tend- ing to increase prices, enabled them to make better use of the local markets. Very soon, however, and especially after the great retreat of the Russian armies in the summer of 1915, local markets were ex- hausted. This buying on their own account, coupled with much self- confidence and the maintenance of independent connections between the officers of the Zemstvo Union and different regions of Russia, led the zemstvos to send a number of special purchasing agents to the interior of the country. In consequence there was chaos in the organization of supply, and a most deplorable competition in the interior. The Central Committee of the Union, anxious though it was to respect the independence of its local organs, found it necessary to intervene at this juncture. It insisted upon the submission of de- tailed and specified estimates by the institutions at the front; as the latter had by this time acquired a considerable amount of experi- ence, it was possible at the beginning of 1916 to establish a budg- etary system in place of the chaotic management that had hitherto prevailed. A number of conferences were held in Moscow, in which representatives from the front participated and where the require- ments of the institutions at the front were definitely ascertained. We

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