An Introduction to the theory of statistics

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1751730271

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-127610

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Yule, George Udny http://d-nb.info/gnd/12910504X

Title:: An Introduction to the theory of statistics

Edition:: 8. ed. rev

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Griffin

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: XV, 422 S; Ill., Diagr

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part II. The theory of variables

Collection:: Economics Books

THEORY OF STATISTICS. Stature in Inches. wo FE 57 and less than 58 2 58 v Dy 4 59 3st +00 14 etc. etc. —the statement 57 and less than 58,” ete., being often abbreviated to 57—, 58, 59, etc. (¢f. Table VI, p. 88). The mode of grouping is, in effect, that described in the last paragraph as of service in avoiding intermediate observations, but it should be noted that the form of statement leaves the class-limits uncertain unless the degree of accuracy of the measurements is also given. Thus, if measure- ments were taken to the nearest eighth of an inch, the class- limits are really 5615-5715, 5712-5812 ete.; if they were only taken to the nearest quarter of an inch, the limits are 56 57%, 57i-587, ete. With such a form of tabulation a state- ment as to the number of significant figures in the original record is therefore essential. It is better, perhaps, to state the true class-limits and avoid ambiguity. 10. The rule that class-intervals should be all equal is one that is very frequently broken in official statistical publications, principally in order to condense an otherwise unwieldy table, thus not only saving space in printing but also considerable expense in compilation, or possibly, in the case of confidential figures, to avoid giving a class which would contain only one or two observations, the identity of which might be guessed. It would hardly be legitimate, for example, to give a return of incomes relating to a limited district in such a form that the income of the two or three wealthiest men in the district would be clear to any intelligent reader with local knowledge. If the intervals be made unequal, the application of many statistical methods is rendered awkward, or even impossible, and the relative values of the frequencies are at first sight misleading, so that the table is not perspicuous. Thus, consider the first two columns of Table IV., showing the numbers of dwelling-houses of different annual values, assessed to inhabited house duty. On running the eye down the column headed “number of houses” it is at once caught by the two striking irregularities at the classes “£60 and under £80,” and “£100 and under £150.” But these have no real significance ; they are merely due to changes from a £10 to a £20, and then to a £50 interval. Moreover, the intervals after £150 go on continuously increasing, but attention is not directed thereto by any marked changes in the frequencies. To make the latter really comparable inter se, they must first be 82

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