An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1751730271

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-127610

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Yule, George Udny http://d-nb.info/gnd/12910504X

Title:: An Introduction to the theory of statistics

Edition:: 8. ed. rev

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Griffin

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: XV, 422 S; Ill., Diagr

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part II. The theory of variables

Collection:: Economics Books

THEORY OF STATISTICS. 4. The population itself, in the metropolitan group of 32 unions, and the fundamental constants (means, standard-deviations and correlations) are as follows :— TABLE I ! 2. 3. - Sta 4 ion- mii Rs So oon log VIR 104-7 29-2 12 +052 1-93154 906 417 13 +041 1:96003 107-7 5:5 | 14 -0°14 199570 i= ‘8 23 +0°49 164038 b24 +023 1:98820 34 +025 198598 It is seen that the average changes are not great; the per- centages of the population in receipt of relief have increased on an average by 4'7 per cent., the out-relief ratio has dropped by 9-4 per cent., and the percentage of old has increased by 7-7 per cent., at the same time as the population of the unions has risen on the average by 11'3 per cent. At the same time the standard-deviations of the first, second, and fourth variables are very large. As a matter of fact, while in one union the pauperism decreased by nearly 50 per cent. and in others by 20. per cent. in some there were increases of 60, 80, and 90 per cent. ; similarly, in the case of the out-relief, in several unions the ratio was decreased by 40 to 60 per cent., a consistent anti-out-relief policy having been enforced ; in others the ratio was doubled, and more than doubled. As regards population, the more central districts show decreases ranging up to 20 and 25 per cent., the circumferential districts increases of 45 to 80 per cent. The correlations of order zero are not large, the changes in the rate of pauperism exhibiting the highest correlation with changes in the out-relief ratio, slightly less with changes in the proportion of old, and very little with changes in population. The correlations of the second order are obtained in two steps. In the first place, the six coefficients of order zero are grouped in four sets of three, corresponding to the four sets of three variables formed by omitting each one of the four variables in turn (Table IT. col. 1). Each of these sets of three coefficients is then treated in the same manner as in the last example, and so the 242 i. 2 AEC

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