An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1751730271

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-127610

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Yule, George Udny http://d-nb.info/gnd/12910504X

Title:: An Introduction to the theory of statistics

Edition:: 8. ed. rev

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Griffin

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: XV, 422 S; Ill., Diagr

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part I. The theory of atributes

Collection:: Economics Books

: THEORY OF STATISTICS. so that 8; and §, are positive or negative according as 4 and are positively or negatively associated in the universes of (' and y respectively. Then we have by addition— (40)(BO) , (Ay)(By) AB)="—~"— L415 +6 . (6 Hence if the value of (4B) exceed the value given by the first two terms (z.e. if 8, + 8, be positive), 4 and B must be positively associated either in the universe of (’s, the universe of v's, or both. If, on the other hand, (4B) fall short of the value given by the first two terms, 4 and B must be negatively associated in the universe of Cs, the universe of 4’s, or both. Finally, if (4B) be equal to the value of the first two terms, 4 and B must be positively associated in the one partial universe and negatively in the other, or else independent in both. The expression (6) may often be used in the following form, obtained by dividing through by, say, (B)— (UD)_(40) (BO), (Ay) (BY) 8+& (eh A Gy) YD) In using this expression we make use solely of proportions or percentages, and judge of the sign of the partial associations between 4 and B accordingly. A concrete case, as in Example iii. below, is perhaps clearer than the general formula. Example iii.—(Figures compiled from Supplement to the Fifty- fifth Annual Report of the Registrar-General [C.—8503], 1897.) The following are the death-rates per thousand per annum, and the proportions over 65 years of age, of occupied males in general, farmers, textile workers, and glass workers (over 15 years of age in each case) during the decade 1891-1900 in England and Wales. Proportion Death-rate per thousand per thousand. over 65 Years of Age. Occupied males over 15 15-8 46 Farmers ” 2 ; 196 132 Textile workers, males over 15. 159 34 Glass workers > IL 06 16 Would farming, textile working, and glass working seem to be relatively healthy or unhealthy occupations, given that the death- rates among occupied males from 15-65 and over 65 years of age are 11-5 and 102-3 per thousand respectively ? If A denote death, B the given occupation, C old age, we have NO

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