The Freedmen's Savings Bank

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 175265076X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-129631

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Fleming, Walter Lynwood http://d-nb.info/gnd/120660560X

Title:: The Freedmen's Savings Bank

Place of publication:: Chapel Hill

Publisher:: Univ. of North Carolina Press

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: x, 170 S.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. The negro at the close of the Civil War

Collection:: Economics Books

THE NEGRO AT THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR 5 there impossible to hold the slaves at work, for they could leave home easily and go to the free states or follow the armies. So in the border states or near the military frontier, the master who would control his labor at all was obliged to give his slaves what was practically a free status. While the effect of the war in these re- gions was mainly to disorganize the slave system and to demoralize the workers, the latter had nevertheless by 1865 made some progress toward looking out for themselves. NEGRO LABOR UNDER FEDERAL SUPERVISION The occupation by the Union armies of large districts in the South affected thousands of slaves in addition to those who were enlisted in the Union army. Their masters, if Confederate sym- pathizers, were driven from home; the country was laid waste by the contending armies; and the responsibility for the care of the slaves left behind was thus thrown upon the Federal com- manders. At first the homeless, masterless people were neglected; later they were allowed to form refugee camps near large military posts and scanty rations were doled out to them. But their numbers increased so rapidly, their sufferings were so great, and their presence was so embar- rassing to the movement of the Federal forces, that each principal commander organized for his army or for his district a sort of “Department of Negro Affairs” to take charge of the slaves who were captured or who came within the Federal lines as refugees. General Benjamin F, Butler, at Fortress Mon-

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