The Freedmen's Savings Bank

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 175265076X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-129631

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Fleming, Walter Lynwood http://d-nb.info/gnd/120660560X

Title:: The Freedmen's Savings Bank

Place of publication:: Chapel Hill

Publisher:: Univ. of North Carolina Press

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: x, 170 S.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. The negro at the close of the Civil War

Collection:: Economics Books

5 THE FREEDMEN’S SAVINGS BANK roe in 1861, set the example of confiscating cap- tive slaves and organizing them to work for their own support. When Port Royal was captured by the Federals in 1862 the Negroes of the Sea Islands were organized under agents sent from the North by the United States Treasury De- partment. For three years, under a system re- sembling benevolent serfdom, these agents trained the Negroes for the responsibilities of freedom. And elsewhere along the Atlantic coast where the Federals secured a hold, colonies of refugees were thus organized to work for their own living. The lands, houses, and movable prop- erty of the Confederates were used for the bene- fit of the refugee slaves who, by the end of the war, had begun to work without supervision and in some cases had purchased property. A similar policy was pursued by the command- ers in the Southwest. After the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson the Negroes near the Missis- sippi River from Cairo, Illinois, to New Orleans passed under the control of the Federal armies, whose commanders, in order to lessen suffering and prevent starvation, gathered them into camps or colonies near the military garrisons. Officers of the army, usually chaplains, were de- tailed to look after Negro affairs, to collect the homeless ones into these colonies, to provide for the distribution of supplies and for medical at- tention to the sick. General Grant had begun this policy in 1862 when he set all the Negroes near his army in West Tennessee to picking cot- ton and gathering corn in the deserted fields. Chaplain John Eaton supervised this work and E-

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