The Freedmen's Savings Bank

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 175265076X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-129631

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Fleming, Walter Lynwood http://d-nb.info/gnd/120660560X

Title:: The Freedmen's Savings Bank

Place of publication:: Chapel Hill

Publisher:: Univ. of North Carolina Press

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: x, 170 S.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. The negro at the close of the Civil War

Collection:: Economics Books

THE NEGRO AT THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR 7 in 1863 was placed in charge of all the Negro camps and colonies in the Mississippi valley above Louisiana.! Though there was more than enough work for all, there was strong rivalry between the War Department and the ‘Treasury Department over control of “Negro affairs.” Tn 1863 and 1864 the Treasury Department leased to private speculators the abandoned Mississippi valley plantations in the districts controlled by the Federal forces. The Negroes were then required to work for the lessees, who in return furnished them with subsistence and paid or promised to Pay them wages. But neither Eaton’s colonies nor the Treasury plantations were successful. In the camps and on the plantations the neg- lected Negroes died by thousands from want and disease. When the crops failed, the laborers received no return for their work, and even when good crops were made, the lessees frequently swindled them out of their wages. An interesting experiment with Negro labor was tried in lower Louisiana from 1862 to 1865. General Butler and his successor, General Banks, maintained a “Free Labor Bureau,” which was charged with the supervision of labor on the plantations of the Confederates who were away at war, and with the regulation of the relations between the Negroes and those masters who re- mained at home. The result here, just as on the Atlantic coast and in other parts of the Missis- sippi valley, was a sort of temporary serfdom. The Negro was forced to work, while the Federal I Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the F. reedmen, passim.

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