Economic essays

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1753623200

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-136107

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Economic essays

Place of publication:: New York

Publisher:: Macmillan

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: viii, 368 S.; Ill., graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Land economics / Richard T. Ely

Collection:: Economics Books

134 ECONOMIC ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JOHN BATES CLARK Further research in urban land utilization and in modes of urban transport is needed before a complete theoretical solution can be reached, and, of course, after we know what ought to be done there remains the problem of getting it done because of politics and administrative difficulties. Incidentally it may be pointed out that one of the causes of the successive and too intensive utilization of land is found in the high taxation of land itself. It has, indeed, been suggested that to lessen the tax on the land in case of too intensive utilization and to put a higher tax on the improvements on the land would bring about an improve- ment. Without going further into this subject, it may be said that the growing tendency of public control of private rights to use land has found expression in a so-called principle of social control: The more intensive the use of land, the more highly developed must be the social control. The general principle of guidance in changes from private to public property and from public to private property has been formulated as follows: Private property yields best results when the social benefits of private property accrue: (1) largely spontaneously; (2) when occasionally they are easily secured by slight applications of force; (3) when the social benefits of private property are secured as the result of single public acts occurring at considerable intervals; (4) when in more or less frequent cases a continuous and considerable application of force may be needed to bring its management up to a socially established ethical level. In proportion as the social benefits desired are secured by increasingly intensive and increasingly frequent applications of public power, the advantages of private property become smaller as contrasted with the advantages of public property. Taxation of Land. The taxes upon land which constitute the government’s share of the income from land are receiving an increasing amount of attention from economists because of the influence of taxation upon the utilization of natural resources. In recent years the tendency has been for the government to take in taxes an ever larger proportion of the income from land. Due to inequities in the general property tax system in the United States, this tax burden has borne more heavily on land than on other forms of property. Forest Taxation vs. Forest Land Taxation. The uneconomic outcome of the wrong method of taxation is clearly seen in the cs il He ay

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