Rapport sur les niveaux de vie des ouvriers dans différents pays

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1755732333

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-137085

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Rapport sur les niveaux de vie des ouvriers dans différents pays

Place of publication:: [Genf]

Publisher:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: 22, 22 Seiten; Taf.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: III. Les budgets de ménages ouvriers

Collection:: Economics Books

17 — For each category the distribution of the total expenditure on the various items of the budget is given. The average distribution, for all the categories together, is also given as a general rule. In other cases the data refer to all the households covered by the enquiry, so that the distribution is an average one. À series of tables is given below in which these data are shown, together with a diagram illustrating the data relating to each of the different income groups in each of the countries under review *, These data enable two kinds of comparison to be made, relating to: (1) distribution of expenditure in different income groups in the same country at the same date; (2) average distri- bution of expenditure in different countries after the war. (1) Distribution of expenditure in different income groups. — Comparisons of this kind possess special value because the data, collected at the same period by the same authority and according to the same methods, are strictly comparable. An examination of the tables and of the diagram shows that the percentage of the total household budget devoted to food is highest in the lowest income group, and that it decreases as the income rises 2. Inversely, the percentage of expenditure on clothing and sundries varies, broadly speaking, in the same direction as income. (2) Average distribution of expenditure in different countries after the war. — Comparisons of this kind must be made with considerable caution. In addition to differences of method in carrying out the enquiries and compiling the statistics, there are also the differences — which are sometimes considerable — in the general circumstances, with their resulting consequences from the point of view not only of customs and general living conditions, but also of the prices of the various commodities ; ! In the case of Switzerland the distinction made here is between ‘’skilled ” and Mnskiod ’ workers, as the classification by income groups includes both workers and officials. . * Comparisons relating to the distribution of expenditure in the same country at different periods are open to grave objections, owing to the fact that the prices of the different categories of articles (in particular, agricultural produce and manufactured goods) have followed different courses. * Engel’s law is therefore confirmed by the facts cited.

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