Internationale Konvention zum gegenseitigen Schutz privater Vermögensrechte im Ausland

Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1756995737

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-141075

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Internationale Konvention zum gegenseitigen Schutz privater Vermögensrechte im Ausland

Edition:: Als Ms. gedr

Place of publication:: Köln

Year of publication:: [ca. 1927]

Scope:: 70 Bl

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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392 NUREMBERG. quinquennium. It is probable that the incorporation of several rural districts within the municipal area has reduced the general standard of consumption in these three articles, for these districts brought in a population which had been mainly agricultural and had been accustomed to a lower plane of living. Furthermore, it is a safe assumption that the smaller consumption of beer has in part been caused by the growth of the temperance movement in Bavaria as in other parts of Germany, a movement which has to a remarkable degree influenced the working classes. Against the less consumption of bread may finally be set a largely increased consumption of potatoes, one effect of which has been an advance in the price of this commodity, insomuch that the peasants of the surrounding districts find it more profitable to grow potatoes for the Nuremberg market than to rear pigs on this food to the extent they formerly did. When all possible allowances have been made, however, it would seem that the higher wages which the working classes of Nuremberg have received in recent years have not indicated a proportionately larger purchasing power. The working classes of Nuremberg obtain their groceries for the most part from small shops in the neighbourhood of their dwellings. Large concerns do not exist in this trade, and the co-operative movement has obtained no great hold of the people. There is one public Co-operative Society with a nominal membership of 2,158 and six stores, but one-third of the members do not purchase at the stores at all and the purchases of the active members rarely exceed £10 a year ; the total sales in 1905 slightly exceeded £10,000. The employees of the large electrical machinery company, the Siemens-Schuckert Werke, have their own co-operative store, but though some 2,500 persons are said to trade there the turnover bears no proportion to the aggregate expenditure on food and other household necessities of an equal number of families. It should be stated that these co-operative societies are only allowed by their statutes to sell goods to their members, unless such goods (like bread) are actually produced by them, a restriction for which the private trader is very grateful. Coffee is bought at from 8§d. to Is. Id. per lb., but the qualities at 11 d. to Is. Id. per lb. are in largest demand. There is no consumption of tea, and little of cocoa. The price of sugar has fallen considerably since the bounty system was abandoned. Two kinds meet the bulk of the demand, viz., cube sugar and white granulated, both at 2\d. per lb. Bacon is bought exclusively at butchers’ shops, fat and streaky costing as a rule in October, 1905, the same price, viz., from lie?, to Is. The kinds of cheese for which there is most demand are Limburg, costing 5\d. per lb., and Swiss or Emmenthal at from lie?, to Is. 1 d. per lb. Though so named, however, these cheeses come neither from Limburg nor Switzerland, but are made in Bavaria, and especially in the Aligan district. Cheese can only seldom be bought at grocers’ shops ; as a rule it is sold in special shops devoted to farm produce. It is a peculiarity of the working classes of Nuremberg and of Bavaria generally that they are not great consumers of butter, though Bavaria is to a large extent a grazing country. The working man eats sausage with his bread, but not butter as a rule, as in North Germany. The predominant price of the fresh “table” butter sold was in 1905 from Is. Id. to Is. 2\d. per lb., but country or “peasant ” butter cost Id. less. For margarine there is hardly any demand, and few grocers sell it, for though there are several large margarine manufactories at Nuremberg their produce is sent to North Germany. The severity of the restrictions which surround the sale of butter substitutes render small traders indisposed to deal in such commodities at all. As bread is bought at the baker’s, wheaten flour is only needed for fancy baking, and there is but a small sale (at is. 3\d. per 7 lb. in 1905) ; rye flour is not sold by provision dealers. The bread supply of the town is baked by a host of small bakers ; there are few factory bakers, and no home baking whatever is done. The bread mostly consumed is a rye bread known as “ black,” though in reality answering to the “ grey” bread of North Germany. It is sold in loaves of four pounds German (equal to 4'4 lb. English) and the local Guild of Bakers fixes the price from time to time according to the price of flour. The Guild price in October, 1905, was Q^d. per 4 lb. English for first quality flour and about Id. less for second quality. Wheaten rolls are also largely consumed with morning coffee ;

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