International trade

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1758394757

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-136209

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Taussig, Frank William http://d-nb.info/gnd/120199459

Title:: International trade

Place of publication:: New York, NY

Publisher:: Macmillan

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: XXI, 425 Seiten; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part I. Theory

Collection:: Economics Books

56 INTERNATIONAL TRADE The answer, as already indicated, depends not so much on the existence of non-competing groups in the several countries as on the similarity or dissimilarity of their make-up. Their bearing on international trade depends on whether they are of the same sort or of different sorts in the trading countries. Now, in the occi- dental countries — those of advanced civilization in the Western world — as a rule the stratification of industrial groups proceeds on the same lines. And it is between these countries that the principle of comparative costs is presumably of greatest impor- tance. Since differences of climatic and physiographic character are less wide, divergences of absolute costs are less common and less great, and the limits within which the terms of exchange are confined not so far apart. And in the Western countries, to repeat, we find roughly the same social and industrial layers. The unskilled, by far the most numerous, get the lowest wages; the mechanics and well-trained stand distinctly higher; and so up- ward. This being the case, the differences in money costs between the countries are mainly determined by differences in labor costs; even tho within each country this factor may be profoundly modified. Further: that combined influence which domestic and inter- national demand may exercise on the position and prosperity of a given non-competing group is not of so great importance in prac- tice as it is for the completeness and consistency of theoretic analysis. It is less important because the demand from abroad for any set of commodities, and thereby for the services of a par- ticular grade of labor applied to making those commodities, is rarely so dominant as to change those relations between grades which would obtain within the country in any case. The lines of social and industrial stratification in a country are determined chiefly by the conditions that prevail within its own limits — by the numbers in the several groups and their demands for each others’ services, and in some uncertain degree by their different standards of living. An added impact of demand from a foreign country will rarely change the relative rates of wages which have come about from the domestic factors. The social stratification

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