Banking standards under the federal reserve system

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1762969653

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-142432

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Banking standards under the federal reserve system

Place of publication:: Chicago

Publisher:: A. W. Shaw Company

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: xxxviii, 420 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part II. Norms and trends in individual series for all Member Banks, by districts

Collection:: Economics Books

NORMS AND TRENDS IN GROSS EARNINGS 79 seven years, New York for six, and Richmond and Chicago for five of the seven years. Of the districts which are high, relative to the seven-year average, Cleveland holds this position three years, and all of the other districts the full period of seven years. But “high” and “low” are relative terms; the districts which are “high,” as well as those which are “low,” are not equally high or low for each of the seven years. This fact is graphically illus- trated in Chart 16. This chart serves several purposes. It indicates for ratios of gross earnings to earning assets for each of the districts (1) the direction and percentage amounts of change from year to year and over the whole period, (2) the position held by each district rela- tive to that for the country as a whole, and (3) the nature and percentage amounts by which the ratios each year deviate from the seven-year level. Several features of the chart claim one’s interest. First, there is substantial agreement, among the twelve districts, that gross earnings ratios increased between 1919 and 1921 and fell between 1921 and 1925, the ratios in 1925 for the combined and for the majority of the districts being approxi- mately the same as those in 1920. Second, the rates of change from year to year and over the whole period in the several dis- tricts generally conformed to those for the districts combined. To this generalization there are exceptions, the chief of which, for the year-to-year changes, are Minneapolis and Richmond, the for- mer experiencing a fall between 1919 and 1920, and the latter, between 1920 and 1921. Moreover, the downward trend from 1921 to 1925 was not felt in the Fourth district (Cleveland) and only moderately so in Richmond, both, however, except for 1921, having actual ratios not markedly different from those for the combined districts. The districts with gross earnings ratios chang- ing most nearly in accord with those for the country as a whole are Chicago, St. Louis, and Dallas; those behaving most diverg- ently are Richmond and San Francisco. Third, the ratios in Dallas each year are relatively the highest; those in Boston gen- erally the lowest. As a rule, gross earnings (interest rates for the most part) are consistently high in the South and Middle West (Atlanta, Minneapolis, Kansas City, and Dallas); they are con- sistently low in New England and the East (Boston, New York, and Philadelphia). Fourth, while each district has its own gross

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