The Elements of economic geology

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1773832379

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-172798

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gregory, John W. http://d-nb.info/gnd/11683014X

Title:: The Elements of economic geology

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Methuen

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: XIV, 312 S.; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part V. Mineral fuels

Collection:: Economics Books

292 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY Oligocene, 5000 feet; and Zorritos, Miocene, 5000 feet). These beds have been disturbed by a great fault parallel to the coast, and from it branches run inland and break the country into large fault blocks. The oil is found in evenly dipping beds, and not in anticlines, and the beds are mostly waterless. The oil seems to have been distilled from organic matter by the heat due to the earth movements; but the connection is not obvious.as the oil is not found in direct relation to the faults. In the Argentine some promising anticlinal lines proved disappointing ; but bores for water in the basin of the Lower Chuput River near Comodoro Rivadavia reached heavy fuel oil in Cretaceous shales. This field as a whole is a great syncline, with oil pools in secondary anticlines on its floor. Eurore—In Europe and Asia the chief oilfields occur along the Alpine-Himalayan mountain system. Most of the oil comes from Kainozoic marine shales containing abundant foraminifera or marine diatoms or alge, or from bituminous limestones. The oil has been derived by the distillation of the organic matter by the heat and pressure of earth movements. The geological structure of some fields is very complex. The westernmost field is in the rift-valley of the Upper Rhine, where Oligocene sands have been dropped between the faults and crumpled (Fig. 63, d). The oil from Pechel- bronn was known in the fifteenth century, and has been obtained since 1735 by dug wells; deeper beds with lighter oils were found by boring, and are now being mined, as 70 per cent. of the oil can be recovered fron the sands by drainage into galleries, whereas only 16 per cent. was obtained by wells (de Chambrier, 1921). In Poland the oil industry dates fron 1853; drilling began in 1870, and the field reached its maximum yield of 15 million barrels in 1899. The productive rocks range from the Cretaceous to Miocene, the Eocene being the richest; the beds have been elaborately overthrusted and over- folded (cf. Fig. 63, f), leading to local accumulations of oil. In Roumania the rocks are also intensely folded and faulted by the Alpine movements; the oil beds range from the Cre- taceous to the Pliocene and they contain much gypsum and salt ; the oil has collected into some rich pools: thus 130

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