The Elements of economic geology

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1773832379

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-172798

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gregory, John W. http://d-nb.info/gnd/11683014X

Title:: The Elements of economic geology

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Methuen

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: XIV, 312 S.; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part V. Mineral fuels

Collection:: Economics Books

MINERAL OIL 203 acres at Moreni has yielded over 52,500 barrels per acre. Some Roumanian upfolds have been broken through by rising cores of rock and salt-domes (Fig. 55). Asia—Cavcasus, PErsia, BurMA, EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO —The Baku field, W. of the Caspian and S. of the Caucasus, has yielded oil and natural gas throughout historic times. The oil comes from Pliocene, Miocene, and Oligocene sands which occur as lenticles in clay. The beds have been folded and the main supplies, as from Bibi Eibat, are from anticlines. Some wells must draw their oil from a large area, for one plot of 27 acres in that field has yielded in 36 years 2,200,000 barrels of oil per acre, or sufficient to cover the ground to a depth of 286 feet (Beeby Thompson, Oil Field Exploration, i, 1925, p. 335). The surface is largely occupied by barren freshwater sands, which overlie the Lower Pliocene oil sands; they rest upon the Spirialis beds from the abundant organic matter in which the oil may be derived. In the Caucasus other oil supplies came from Miocene and Oligo- cene beds, which include lacustrine and marine shales rich in diatoms, fish, and mollusca. The Baku field has hitherto been the most prolific oilfield in the Old World. The Persian and Mesopotamian oilfield lies along the fold- mountains of the Persian Arc, which runs from near the Caspian through South-western and Southern Persia till it rejoins the axis of the Alpine-Himalayan System in North- western India. The Cretaceous rocks include many gash veins, and according to one hypothesis the oil has risen from the Mesozoic limestones into the porous beds of the Miocene Asmari Limestone, which is the chief reservoir of oil. This theory of migration offers an explanation of the high quality of the Persian oil. According to the alternative hypothesis the oil was formed from the organic matter deposited under lagoon conditions in the Asmari limestones. In South-eastern Asia a loop from the Himalayan System traverses Western Burma and passes along Sumatra, Java, and the southern side of the Eastern Archipelago. This Burmese-Malayan Arc includes several important oilfields. The Burmese oilfield lies beside the Irrawadi in rocks ranging from the Cretaceous to the Pleistocene. The main oil supply is in the Pegu beds (Oligocene to Miocene) ; they consist of marine clays containing innumerable pockets and

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