Das kommunistische Manifest

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1777228913

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-156426

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Bruckus, B. D. http://d-nb.info/gnd/101540051

Title:: Die Lehren des Marxismus im Lichte der russischen Revolution

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Sack

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: 90 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: VI. Das Verteilungsproblem und der Sozialismus

Collection:: Economics Books

75 CHAPTER VI.—THE VALUE OF THE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT. In the preceding chapters an account has been given of the production of the crops and live stock in England and Wales, taking each individual item separately. Some portion, and in certain cases the whole, of the crops produced are merely raw material used as food for stock and turned into human food in the form of meat or milk. If account is to be taken of output in the latter form, then the production of the former must be neglected in order to avoid duplication. Moreover, in the case of one of the most extensive crops, viz., grass, there is no means by which the total production can be measured. In order, therefore, to get any general view of the total output of agricultural Produce, it is necessary to estimate the quantities of the various products sold off the farms of the country for consumption else- where, and then, in order to add them together, to value them in berms of money. An estimate of this sort is necessarily a very broad one, as there are risks of error at every stage. On the other hand, these possible errors tend to balance one another and the final result is probably sufficiently approximate for the purpose in view. In making this calculation, the first step is to differentiate between that part of the produce which is sold by the farmer (or consumed in the farm household) and that which is consumed on the farm in the process of producing other commodities such as meat and milk. For this purpose the agricultural land of England and Wales is taken in effect as one large farm, and no attempt is made to take into account the crops and stock sold by one farmer to another. Thus, the output, calculated in this Way, is the estimated quantity of produce sold by farmers to the non-farming community, together with the quantity con- Sumed in the farmers’ own households. Table I in the Appendix gives on this basis the sales off farms of each kind of agricultural Produce, together with their value based on the estimated average price realised at the point at which the produce is first Sold, e.g., the local market for live stock, corn, dairy produce and fruit, the local auction for wool, the free-on-rail price for Potatoes and milk and the in-rick price for hay and straw. These Prices are taken in the main from the weekly returns made by the Ministry’s market reporters and published in the Agricultural Market Report; for wool and glasshouse produce information as to values was obtained from growers. The proportions of each kind of produce sold off and retained on the farm respectively are based on estimates made by the Crop Reporters.

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