The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1780205023

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-166182

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Heinze, Gerhard http://d-nb.info/gnd/1156954630

Title:: Statische oder dynamische Zinstheorie?

Place of publication:: Leipzig

Publisher:: Deichert

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: VIII, 165 Seiten; Tab.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Zweiter Teil. „Statische" oder „dynamische" Zinstheorie?

Collection:: Economics Books

THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 149 Aurangzeb’s orders of 1665. Thus Holt Mackenzie, writing in 1819, quotes! a description of the procedure in the Delhi territory at a time when the native institutions had not been disturbed, which shows that the person in authority— whoever he might be— ‘“made settlements with the village zamindars for such a fixed annual revenue as the latter agreed to pay, or he took the Government share of the crops in kind, or he levied the established pecuniary assessment according to the quantity of the land cultivated and the species of crop grown.” Here we have Group-assessment in the foreground, with Sharing and Measurement behind, exactly as in the time of Aurangzeb; and the standard of the revenue also was unchanged, being ‘half of the produce of land fully cultivated,” while in practice as much was taken ‘““as the cultivator could afford to give.” Similarly Lord Moira, in his Minute of 1815, described the early British practice in the following terms: “The Collector considers the former assessment of the village, compares it with all the information he has received, and, having endeavoured to form an estimate of its capability, offers it to the proprietor at the rate of assessment he conceives it capable of yielding. The proprietor denies the extent of capability, when the Collector threatens measurement, the dread of an exposition of the real state from which will generally induce an acceptance of the offer.” Here again, we have Group-assessment, made on general considerations, as the regular practice, with the threat of Measurement in reserve, almost exactly as the arrangements are described in Aurangzeb’s farman. We may take it then that the method of Group-assess- ment, which, at some unascertained time, superseded the methods favoured by Sher Shah and Akbar, persisted as the ordinary practice in Northern India until the end of the Moslem period. The interest which the intervening years possess for us lies in the developments affecting Inter- mediaries, which resulted in the fusion of Assignees and Grantees, Chiefs, Headmen, and Farmers, into a body of ! Rev. Sel, i. 89, go (Holt Mackenzie); 323 (Lord Moira). The words “village zamindir’ in the first quotation denote the peasants acting through their headmen.

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