Statistik der Evangelischen Liebestätigkeit (Halboffene und Offene Fürsorge) und Jugendarbeit

Migration and business cycles

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1785255827

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188456

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Statistik der Evangelischen Liebestätigkeit (Halboffene und Offene Fürsorge) und Jugendarbeit

Place of publication:: Berlin-Dahlem

Publisher:: Wichern-Verl.

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: XIII, 689 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Abschnitt I. Fürsorge- und Jugendarbeit in den Provinzen und Ländern. Geordnet nach den Evangelischen Kreis-Wohlfahrtsdiensten

Collection:: Economics Books

— MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES Railway maintenance is distinctly a warm-weather occupation. being low in the first quarter of the year, then rising rapidly to a high level in June and the following four months, then sharply declining in November and December. Bituminous Coal (Chart 52, Fig. C.) For monthly employment in bituminous coal mining, we have only the fragmentary evidence in the U. S. Census of Mines and Quarries for 1909 and 1919 and in the data issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the two years from April, 1920, to March, 1922. An index based on these fragments appears in Curve (f) of Chart 52, Fig. C. The second curve on this chart represents season- al fluctuations in the tonnage of bituminous coal produced, in the years 1913 to 1922, adjusted for the varying length of the months in the year. Bituminous coal mining is characterized by a large amount of intermittent employment, which is probably not fully reflected in the employment statistics. For this reason, and be- cause of the fragmentary nature of the direct statistics of employ- ment, we have used the index of variations in production as a measure of seasonal fluctuations in bituminous coal mining em- ployment. The resulting seasonal curve is almost the reverse of that computed for railway maintenance. The period of greatest inactivity occurs in the second quarter, notably in April, followed by an increase in the late summer and early fall and a decline again at the close of the year. Anthracite Coal Mining (Chart 52, Fig. D) The direct evidence of employment by months in anthracite coal mining is even scantier than for bituminous coal; and, accordingly, for an index of seasonal variation in this industry, we have utilized a curve based upon production in the years 1913 to 1921 (see Curve “g” Fig. D). This index exhibits only a mild fluctuation with peaks in June and October. Employment by months in the census years 1909 and 1919 (Curves ‘“h” and ‘‘i”’) shows an even milder fluctuation. Construction (Chart 53) Seasonal fluctuations in the construction industry are of par- ticular importance to the immigrant. It is a well-known fact that a large proportion of the unskilled work in outdoor construction is 294

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