Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VI. Relief of sick and wounded soldiers

Collection:: Economics Books

92 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR ber of trains to each clearing hospital. As this number, however, was far from satisfying the actual requirements, the result was that the stream of evacuation was soon blocked and the Zemstvo Union was compelled to carry on a vigorous campaign for an increase in the number of trains serving the clearing hospitals. The results of this campaign were that the number of these trains for Moscow in- creased from fourteen in September to thirty-one in December; for Kharkov, from three to seven in the same period; and at Petrograd. from none to twelve. The stream of sick and wounded soldiers flowing into the clearing hospitals fluctuated greatly. There was a very sharp rise in the spring and summer of 1915, the period of severe fighting and of the great retreat of the Russian army. The evacuation of a large num- ber of hospitals operating in the war zone (Warsaw, Riga, Kovno, Grodno, Brest, and Mitau) became necessary. As a rule, about one- fourth of all the sick and wounded were given first aid and other attention in the vicinity of the front and were not subject to further evacuation to the rear. When the hospitals close to the front had to be removed, the whole mass of sick and wounded soldiers had to be directed to the clearing hospitals. The new crisis was overcome more or less successfully, but it required a speedy increase in the number of beds in the interior provinces and another change in the plan of evacuation. This work was done once more by the Zemstvo Union. It was found necessary to open additional hospitals with a capacity of 69,000 beds, for which purpose the hospitals which had been transferred to the interior were chiefly utilized. The scheme was approved by the General Staff, but the figures proposed by the Cen- tral Committee of the Union were somewhat reduced. At this time steps had moreover to be taken to shift to the interior the hospitals of the Union from the provinces of Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Vitebsk, and Minsk, with a total of about 3,500 beds. Accommodation was found for them at Rostov and Voronezh. However, the halt in the German offensive made it unnecessary to complete the transfer, so that only a very few zemstvo hospitals (Baranovichy, Rezhitsa, and Proskurov) were moved from the vi- cinity of the front farther into the interior. In the winter there was a lull in the evacuation work. Upon the whole, it may be said that the number of casualties dealt with by the clearing hospitals in the

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