Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VII. Relief of families of mobilized men

Collection:: Economics Books

136 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR and the price of foodstuffs was fixed for each province at the time of the mobilization and on September 1 of each year. Dependents of a mobilized man entitled to government allow- ances were: his wife and children, his father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, and brothers and sisters, if they depended upon his support. No provision was made for other relatives even though de- pendent upon the soldier, nor for his “civil wife” and children by her. In the case of soldiers who belonged to religious denominations not enjoying official recognition or who objected to church mar- riage, the latter restriction naturally implied serious consequences. Moreover, government allowances were strictly uniform and did not take into consideration the economic conditions of the persons pro- vided for. The zemstvos were anxious to supplement the official allowances by finding out the actual needs of each individual family. Many zemstvos immediately after the declaration of the War took a com- prehensive census of such families. After the promulgation of the law of August 29, 1914, they were enabled to combine their work with that of the official volost relief committees, since the censuses which were being taken by the latter were also under the supervision of the district zemstvo boards. In the localities where the volost re- lief committees had not been established or where they were working inefficiently, the zemstvos, as has been stated above, made use of their subsidiary organizations and formed a large number of new ones. They usually succeeded in enlisting the codperation of local leaders and organized the relief work according to local conditions. Organization and Scope of Work. We have at our disposal data showing how eighty-six district zemstvos in twenty-nine provinces (about one-fifth of all zemstvo districts) dealt with this question at the outbreak of the War. Only sixteen zemstvo provinces failed to make appropriations for the re- lief of the families of mobilized men. Of these sixteen provinces, eight took no action whatever, while the other eight decided to grant 8 Under the law of the Russian Empire only church marriages were recog- nized. “Civil wife” was the usual term for women who were living openly and permanently with men as their wives but had gone through no form of marriage.

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