Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VII. Relief of families of mobilized men

Collection:: Economics Books

142 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR inces of European Russia amounted to no more than 17.16 rubles.” The functions of the zemstvos included, among other things, chari- table work, but only “within the limits of available means.” Such means, however, were always inadequate, and after allotting the greater part to public health and elementary schools in the rural districts, the zemstvos could appropriate for charitable work only the most insignificant sums (in 1914. only 1.4 per cent of the total budget). The general welfare of orphans was looked after by a number of official charitable organizations. Thus, under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Empress Marie, 76 asylums sheltering 1,700 orphans had been in existence previous to the War. Again, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture, we find a board on orphanages. The welfare of war orphans in particular was looked after by two bureaucratic committees, the Alexis Committee, and the Romanov Committee, the first administering the maintenance funds and the second granting from time to time special appropria- tions to the zemstvo institutions, peasant communities, and charities for the upkeep of institutions already in existence and the establish- ment of additional ones. All these measures, however, proved inadequate and there was an argent necessity of working out some common plan, of an exact registration of the steadily increasing number of orphans, and of sbtaining adequate appropriations from the State Treasury. But it was found impossible to carry out these measures under the condi- tions prevailing in Russia, and the result was that individual zem- stvos and zemstvo committees found themselves confronted with the xceedingly difficult task of solving the various problems from their own limited resources and in uncoordinated fashion. Upon the whole, the plan of the zemstvos was as follows: (1) For war orphans of pre-school age, that is, two to seven years, as well as for orphans of school age not cared for in orphanages, a system of soarding in private families was to be adopted, under the supervi- sion of the district zemstvo boards and of their local organs, and funds were to be provided for the maintenance of orphans thus placed; (2) compulsory education was to be provided for orphans " Trudi (Proceedings) of the Conference on Public Charities, May 11-16, 1914.

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