Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VII. Relief of families of mobilized men

Collection:: Economics Books

FAMILIES OF MOBILIZED MEN 143 of school age, from eight to eleven years, and in case of necessity, that is, if it should prove inconvenient to board them with private families, special dormitories were to be opened for them at the schools; (38) orphans above school age were to be trained in pro- fessional schools and housed in special dormitories; and (4) young girls were to be placed in suitable general or professional schools, or in orphanages where they were to be taught needlework.® The practical realization of this program varied considerably ac- cording to locality, depending mainly upon the funds available. Most frequently the simplest and cheapest methods were used, that 1s, the children were handed over to peasant families living in the same villages, and the zemstvos paid for their maintenance. Ac- cording to local reports, two-thirds of the total number of orphans were placed with near relatives, about 7 per cent with distant rela- tives, and the remainder with foster parents and strangers. Board- ing in private families naturally demanded constant and careful supervision. Under normal conditions the district zemstvo boards would not have been in a position to exercise effective supervision and control; but with the general enthusiasm prevailing among the people during the first year of the War, and with numerous local committees of relief and private organizations, the task was not an impossible one. There was one enterprise which earned the whole-hearted recog- nition and praise of zemstvo workers, namely, the farm orphanages, or colonies. The idea of establishing them had occurred to some of the zemstvos prior to the War, but its realization at that time was prevented not only by the lack of funds, but also because a number of other difficult problems presented themselves in connection with the organization of such establishments. To begin with, there was the question of the age of admission. Then there was the question of how to organize the practical work of the inmates and, while in- structing them in new agricultural methods, to keep the instruction at the same time within the limited scope of peasant husbandry. The War, by making it urgently necessary to provide for the war orphans, compelled many of the zemstvos to take some practical steps without further delay and to leave the solution of the prob: lems confronting them to the play of circumstance and local condi: ® Izvestia (Bulletin), No. 11, p. 61.

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