Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VIII. Assistance to farming

Collection:: Economics Books

CHAPTER VIII ASSISTANCE TO FARMING Difficulties of the Problem. ArProxIMATELY one-half of all sums allocated by the provincial and district zemstvos in aid of soldiers’ families was devoted to the work of assisting their farming establishments, which the mobiliza- tions had deprived of the necessary labor. But these sums were very far from satisfying the actual wants. Moreover, even those appro- priations which had been made available were not always fully uti- tized as they should have been. The zemstvos, in order to relieve the situation to the best of their limited means, increased the number of harvesting machines in their agricultural depots, from which they were issued to the peasants sither free of charge or at a very low rental. The zemstvos also stored supplies of seed selling them on credit, on very favorable and 2asy terms, to the families of the mobilized men. Lastly, the poorest peasants were assisted with money, to help them pay the wages of the labor they hired. The attempts to come to the aid of agriculture met with almost insurmountable obstacles. It was not always possible to obtain a sufficient number of the required machines; or again, the peasants found themselves absolutely incapable of operating them and, be- sides, the compulsory rotation of crops due to communal tenure and scattered strips placed obstacles in the way of the efficient use of steam plows, harvesting machines, binders, and other agricultural ‘mplements. Expensive and heavy machines were of little use on the narrow strips of land owned by soldiers, which were simply lost amidst the strips belonging to the other peasants of the village. The distribution of seeds and money to pay the wages of hired labor re- quired individual attention, in addition to a very thorough knowl- adge of the situation of each family and of its needs and resources. Numerous objections were brought against the idea of monetary assistance, and even some of the zemstvo agronomic experts who, as L Up to June, 1915, there had been assigned for the relief of such estab- iishments: 1,472,906 rubles by the district zemstvos and 1,704,088 rubles by ;he provincial zemstvos.

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