Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VIII. Assistance to farming

Collection:: Economics Books

ASSISTANCE TO FARMING 151 ferent provinces, while the tabulation of the data outlined was en- trusted to the statistical organs of the zemstvo boards. The results proved far less alarming than had been expected by the pessimists, it being found that while the shrinkage in the cultivated area in some localities was indeed very great, it was only about 12 per cent on the whole.® But, even these results were considered sufficiently serious, the more so since the causes that were responsible for the situation continued to operate; for, after the census of 1916, there was no respite in the mobilizations of men and the commandeering of horses and cattle for war purposes. Two important tasks now confronted the zemstvos: (1) to assist the impaired economy of the peasant households, and (2) to take general measures to meet the decline of agriculture and to check the further shrinkage of the cultivated area. Relief of Peasant Farmers. Zemstvo aid to peasant households impoverished by the War was given in the same forms in which it had been previously given to the families of soldiers; but, as the need continued to grow, the zem- stvos found it necessary to urge the population to take an active part in the work of relief. “In the work of organizing relief for the farmers,” says a report of the Moscow district zemstvo board, “it is necessary to undertake extensive propaganda for the collaboration of the local institutions, such as village assemblies, cooperative so- cieties, relief committees, etc.”* This propaganda met with some measure of success, and in the Moscow district, for example, as- sistance was rendered to 1,209 households in 151 rural communities. Village assemblies gave relief to 786 households and the relief com- mittees and cooperative societies assisted 423 households. A total of 15,221 rubles was spent, including 9,313 rubles from zemstvo funds and 5,908 rubles from local funds appropriated by the village as- semblies, coSperative societies, and relief committees, as well as from voluntary donations. ® According to Prokopovich the cultivated area in forty-five provinces not occupied by the enemy declined from a total of 71,765,000 deciatines in 1914 to 70,190,000 deciatines in 1915 and 64,741,000 deciatines in 1916. See S. P. Prokopovich, Voina i Narodnoe Khosyaistvo (The War and the National Economy), Moscow, 1918. * Izvestia (Bulletin), Nos. 43-44, p. 184.

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