Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter IX. Relief of refugees

Collection:: Economics Books

CHAPTER IX RELIEF OF REFUGEES! Furst Measures. Amoxe the calamities due to the War [wrote in October, 1915, one of the doctors employed by the Union of Zemstvos®] the problem of refu- gees is particularly pressing. Suddenly driven from their homes, mil- lions of people found themselves in the most miserable and distressing conditions. Lack of food and shelter very soon began to exert their fatal effects upon these migrating hordes. Anyone who has had the opportunity of spending some time amongst the refugees must have observed the extraordinarily high rate of sickness and mortality. Wher- ever a convoy of refugees halted even for a very short period, they al- ways left behind a number of fresh graves, and in some of these impro- vised cemeteries there may be found a hundred or more new crosses. In addition to epidemics, including cholera, which had been taking heavy toll among them, diseases due to undernourishment occupy an impor- tant place. It is evident that they find easy victims among those of weaker constitution, but more particularly among the children. These words were written in October, 1915, but the Zemstvo Un- ion had occasion long before that date to deal with the sufferings of the refugees. The first refugees (from the province of Kalish) made their appearance in central Russia very soon after the outbreak of the War. The Ekaterinoslav provincial zemstvo board reported that during the first few months of 1915, “a number of expelled Ger- mans and Jews arrived in the districts of Mariupol, Bakhmut, and Slavyanoserbsk.” At the close of April and the beginning of May vast numbers of Austrian Ruthenians abandoned their homes and followed in the wake of the retreating Russian troops. At Lvov, Tarnopol, and Kiev regular camps of refugees were established, and as the Austro-German armies advanced there was a corresponding ! On the work of the Union of Towns in respect to refugee relief see Astrov, The Effects of the War upon Russian Municipal Government and the All-Russian Union of Towns, Chapter IX, in the volume The War and the Russian Government (Yale University Press, 1929) in this series of the Economic and Social History of the World War. 2 Izvestia (Bulletin), No. 40, p. 112.

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